Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants
The genus <i>Zingiberaceae</i> has been widely used for phytotherapeutic purposes in traditional medicine throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental studies have established that inflammation caused by chronic infections represents a risk factor for different f...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| author | Gustavo R. Cárdenas Garza Joel H. Elizondo Luévano Aldo F. Bazaldúa Rodríguez Abelardo Chávez Montes Raymundo A. Pérez Hernández Ameyalli J. Martínez Delgado Sonia M. López Villarreal José Rodríguez Rodríguez Rosa M. Sánchez Casas Uziel Castillo Velázquez Osvelia E. Rodríguez Luis |
| author_facet | Gustavo R. Cárdenas Garza Joel H. Elizondo Luévano Aldo F. Bazaldúa Rodríguez Abelardo Chávez Montes Raymundo A. Pérez Hernández Ameyalli J. Martínez Delgado Sonia M. López Villarreal José Rodríguez Rodríguez Rosa M. Sánchez Casas Uziel Castillo Velázquez Osvelia E. Rodríguez Luis |
| author_sort | Gustavo R. Cárdenas Garza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The genus <i>Zingiberaceae</i> has been widely used for phytotherapeutic purposes in traditional medicine throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental studies have established that inflammation caused by chronic infections represents a risk factor for different forms of cancer. The objective of this study was focused on determining the anti-inflammatory capacity and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of <i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (cardamom) and <i>Curcuma Longa</i> (turmeric). The extracts were obtained by maceration and, through GC-MS/MS, a total of 11 different chemical components were determined in the aqueous extract of cardamom and 7 in the extract of turmeric. The main compounds found in cardamom and turmeric were <i>α</i>-terpinyl acetate (54.46%) and <i>β</i>-turmerone (33.45%), respectively. RT-qPCR results showed significantly lower gene expression levels of innate inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-<i>α</i>) compared to the control (LPS). Also, it was observed that the extracts do not possess cytotoxic activity against different cell lines, where <i>E. cardamomum</i> showed EC<sub>50</sub> (µg/mL) of 473.84 (HeLa cells), 237.36 (J774A.1 cells), 257.51 (Vero E6 cells), and 431.16 (Balb/C peritoneal cells) and <i>C. longa</i> showed EC<sub>50</sub> (µg/mL) of 351.17 (HeLa cells), 430.96 (J774A.1 cells), 396.24 (Vero E6 cells), and 362.86 (Balb/C peritoneal cells). The results of this research suggest that natural extracts of <i>E. cardamomum</i> and <i>C. longa</i> possess anti-inflammatory effects and no cytotoxic activity against HeLa, J774A.1, Vero E6, and Balb/C peritoneal cell lines. Finally, it was observed that the extracts also decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in peritoneal macrophages. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c274599e2bc846b4b3317b869d1641eb2023-11-22T14:53:38ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-09-01109190810.3390/plants10091908Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory AdjuvantsGustavo R. Cárdenas Garza0Joel H. Elizondo Luévano1Aldo F. Bazaldúa Rodríguez2Abelardo Chávez Montes3Raymundo A. Pérez Hernández4Ameyalli J. Martínez Delgado5Sonia M. López Villarreal6José Rodríguez Rodríguez7Rosa M. Sánchez Casas8Uziel Castillo Velázquez9Osvelia E. Rodríguez Luis10Faculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoFaculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, MexicoFaculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, MexicoFaculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, NL, MexicoFaculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoFaculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoFaculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoTecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, MexicoFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoFaculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoFaculty of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey 64460, NL, MexicoThe genus <i>Zingiberaceae</i> has been widely used for phytotherapeutic purposes in traditional medicine throughout the world for its anti-inflammatory activity. Experimental studies have established that inflammation caused by chronic infections represents a risk factor for different forms of cancer. The objective of this study was focused on determining the anti-inflammatory capacity and cytotoxic activity of aqueous extracts of <i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (cardamom) and <i>Curcuma Longa</i> (turmeric). The extracts were obtained by maceration and, through GC-MS/MS, a total of 11 different chemical components were determined in the aqueous extract of cardamom and 7 in the extract of turmeric. The main compounds found in cardamom and turmeric were <i>α</i>-terpinyl acetate (54.46%) and <i>β</i>-turmerone (33.45%), respectively. RT-qPCR results showed significantly lower gene expression levels of innate inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-<i>α</i>) compared to the control (LPS). Also, it was observed that the extracts do not possess cytotoxic activity against different cell lines, where <i>E. cardamomum</i> showed EC<sub>50</sub> (µg/mL) of 473.84 (HeLa cells), 237.36 (J774A.1 cells), 257.51 (Vero E6 cells), and 431.16 (Balb/C peritoneal cells) and <i>C. longa</i> showed EC<sub>50</sub> (µg/mL) of 351.17 (HeLa cells), 430.96 (J774A.1 cells), 396.24 (Vero E6 cells), and 362.86 (Balb/C peritoneal cells). The results of this research suggest that natural extracts of <i>E. cardamomum</i> and <i>C. longa</i> possess anti-inflammatory effects and no cytotoxic activity against HeLa, J774A.1, Vero E6, and Balb/C peritoneal cell lines. Finally, it was observed that the extracts also decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in peritoneal macrophages.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/9/1908anti-inflammatory<i>Curcuma longa</i>cytokinescytotoxic activity<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i>extracts |
| spellingShingle | Gustavo R. Cárdenas Garza Joel H. Elizondo Luévano Aldo F. Bazaldúa Rodríguez Abelardo Chávez Montes Raymundo A. Pérez Hernández Ameyalli J. Martínez Delgado Sonia M. López Villarreal José Rodríguez Rodríguez Rosa M. Sánchez Casas Uziel Castillo Velázquez Osvelia E. Rodríguez Luis Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants Plants anti-inflammatory <i>Curcuma longa</i> cytokines cytotoxic activity <i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> extracts |
| title | Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants |
| title_full | Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants |
| title_fullStr | Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants |
| title_short | Benefits of Cardamom (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants |
| title_sort | benefits of cardamom i elettaria cardamomum i l maton and turmeric i curcuma longa i l extracts for their applications as natural anti inflammatory adjuvants |
| topic | anti-inflammatory <i>Curcuma longa</i> cytokines cytotoxic activity <i>Elettaria cardamomum</i> extracts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/9/1908 |
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