Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
Penicillium digitatum is the most severe pathogen that infects citrus fruits during storage. It can cause fruit rot and bring significant economic losses. The continuous use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop naturally and...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.724419/full |
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| author | Ruopeng Yang Ruopeng Yang Xiu Chen Qiang Huang Chuying Chen Kannan R. R. Rengasamy Jinyin Chen Jinyin Chen Chunpeng (Craig) Wan |
| author_facet | Ruopeng Yang Ruopeng Yang Xiu Chen Qiang Huang Chuying Chen Kannan R. R. Rengasamy Jinyin Chen Jinyin Chen Chunpeng (Craig) Wan |
| author_sort | Ruopeng Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Penicillium digitatum is the most severe pathogen that infects citrus fruits during storage. It can cause fruit rot and bring significant economic losses. The continuous use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop naturally and efficiently antifungal fungicides. Natural antimicrobial agents such as clove oil, cinnamon oil, and thyme oil can be extracted from different plant parts. They exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and have great potential in the food industry. Here, we exploit a novel cinnamaldehyde (CA), eugenol (EUG), or carvacrol (CAR) combination antifungal therapy and formulate it into nanoemulsion form to overcome lower solubility and instability of essential oil. In this study, the antifungal activity evaluation and transcriptional profile of Penicillium digitatum exposed to compound nanoemulsion were evaluated. Results showed that compound nanoemulsion had a striking inhibitory effect on P. digitatum in a dose-dependent manner. According to RNA-seq analysis, there were 2,169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and nanoemulsion-treated samples, including 1,028 downregulated and 1,141 upregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in intracellular organelle parts of cell component: cellular respiration, proton transmembrane transport of biological process, and guanyl nucleotide-binding molecular function. KEGG analysis revealed that metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for these DEGs. Taken together, we can conclude the promising antifungal activity of nanoemulsion with multiple action sites against P. digitatum. These outcomes would deepen our knowledge of the inhibitory mechanism from molecular aspects and exploit naturally, efficiently, and harmlessly antifungal agents in the citrus postharvest industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:24:54Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T22:24:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-c278c128367a4f149eb94b1e3763810d2022-12-21T23:29:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2021-09-01810.3389/fnut.2021.724419724419Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to NanoemulsionRuopeng Yang0Ruopeng Yang1Xiu Chen2Qiang Huang3Chuying Chen4Kannan R. R. Rengasamy5Jinyin Chen6Jinyin Chen7Chunpeng (Craig) Wan8Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Honghe University, Mengzi, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaGreen Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Mankweng, South AfricaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaCollege of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, ChinaJiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, ChinaPenicillium digitatum is the most severe pathogen that infects citrus fruits during storage. It can cause fruit rot and bring significant economic losses. The continuous use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop naturally and efficiently antifungal fungicides. Natural antimicrobial agents such as clove oil, cinnamon oil, and thyme oil can be extracted from different plant parts. They exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and have great potential in the food industry. Here, we exploit a novel cinnamaldehyde (CA), eugenol (EUG), or carvacrol (CAR) combination antifungal therapy and formulate it into nanoemulsion form to overcome lower solubility and instability of essential oil. In this study, the antifungal activity evaluation and transcriptional profile of Penicillium digitatum exposed to compound nanoemulsion were evaluated. Results showed that compound nanoemulsion had a striking inhibitory effect on P. digitatum in a dose-dependent manner. According to RNA-seq analysis, there were 2,169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and nanoemulsion-treated samples, including 1,028 downregulated and 1,141 upregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in intracellular organelle parts of cell component: cellular respiration, proton transmembrane transport of biological process, and guanyl nucleotide-binding molecular function. KEGG analysis revealed that metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for these DEGs. Taken together, we can conclude the promising antifungal activity of nanoemulsion with multiple action sites against P. digitatum. These outcomes would deepen our knowledge of the inhibitory mechanism from molecular aspects and exploit naturally, efficiently, and harmlessly antifungal agents in the citrus postharvest industry.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.724419/fullcitrusRNA-seqPenicillium digitatumnanoemulaionantifungal |
| spellingShingle | Ruopeng Yang Ruopeng Yang Xiu Chen Qiang Huang Chuying Chen Kannan R. R. Rengasamy Jinyin Chen Jinyin Chen Chunpeng (Craig) Wan Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion Frontiers in Nutrition citrus RNA-seq Penicillium digitatum nanoemulaion antifungal |
| title | Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion |
| title_full | Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion |
| title_fullStr | Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion |
| title_short | Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion |
| title_sort | mining rna seq data to depict how penicillium digitatum shapes its transcriptome in response to nanoemulsion |
| topic | citrus RNA-seq Penicillium digitatum nanoemulaion antifungal |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.724419/full |
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