The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review.
Context: The standard management of oral ulcer therapy is focused only on symptomatic therapy, such as reducing pain. To date, there is no topical drug that has the pharmacodynamics to intervene in oral ulcer pathogenicity. Liquid smoke is traditionally used as a safe natural preservative. The liqui...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
GarVal Editorial Ltda.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol9/jppres21.1107_9.6.905.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818337980739223552 |
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| author | Meircurius D.C. Surboyo Diah S. Ernawati Ira Arundina Dieni Mansur Benni Iskandar Arvind B.R. Santosh Kelvin A.N. Anggrarista Pamela H. Cecilia Ayu A.B. Nagoro |
| author_facet | Meircurius D.C. Surboyo Diah S. Ernawati Ira Arundina Dieni Mansur Benni Iskandar Arvind B.R. Santosh Kelvin A.N. Anggrarista Pamela H. Cecilia Ayu A.B. Nagoro |
| author_sort | Meircurius D.C. Surboyo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: The standard management of oral ulcer therapy is focused only on symptomatic therapy, such as reducing pain. To date, there is no topical drug that has the pharmacodynamics to intervene in oral ulcer pathogenicity. Liquid smoke is traditionally used as a safe natural preservative. The liquid smoke is highly phenolic and compound rich. It is presumed to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with potentially promising therapeutic effects on oral ulcers.
Aims: To describe the possible pharmacodynamics or action mechanism of liquid smoke as a promising remedy for oral ulcer therapy.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Embase was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used included ‘liquid smoke’, ‘wood vinegar’, ‘liquid pyrolysis’ and ‘oral ulcer’. A screening process, including titles, abstracts and full texts, was performed. Eight related articles were selected to describe the possible pharmacodynamics or mechanism action of the liquid smoke originating from coconut shells and rice hulls for oral ulcer remedies.
Results: Liquid smoke from coconut shell and rice husk is highly contained phenol, guaiacol and 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol (2-EMP). These compounds are antioxidants that can bind reactive oxygen species and increase cellular responses, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing macrophage differentiation to M2. The increase of M2, with help from lymphocytes, can secrete various growth factors, which can accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagens needed in the healing process of oral ulcers.
Conclusions: Liquid smoke pharmacodynamics inhibit both inflammatory and proliferation pathway stimulation, which promises remedies for oral ulcers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T15:03:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c27bca7d201c413285db19697e0964fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0719-4250 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T15:03:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | GarVal Editorial Ltda. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-c27bca7d201c413285db19697e0964fe2022-12-21T23:41:04ZengGarVal Editorial Ltda.Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research0719-42502021-11-0196905920The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review.Meircurius D.C. Surboyo0Diah S. Ernawati1Ira Arundina2Dieni Mansur3Benni Iskandar4Arvind B.R. Santosh5Kelvin A.N. Anggrarista6Pamela H. Cecilia7Ayu A.B. Nagoro8Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya, Indonesia.Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya, Indonesia.Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya, Indonesia.Research Centre for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK – Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia.School of Pharmacy. College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University. Taipei, Taiwan. Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia.School of Dentistry. Faculty of Medical Sciences. University of The West Indies, Jamaica.Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya, Indonesia.Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya, Indonesia.Bachelor of Dental Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Surabaya, Indonesia.Context: The standard management of oral ulcer therapy is focused only on symptomatic therapy, such as reducing pain. To date, there is no topical drug that has the pharmacodynamics to intervene in oral ulcer pathogenicity. Liquid smoke is traditionally used as a safe natural preservative. The liquid smoke is highly phenolic and compound rich. It is presumed to have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with potentially promising therapeutic effects on oral ulcers. Aims: To describe the possible pharmacodynamics or action mechanism of liquid smoke as a promising remedy for oral ulcer therapy. Methods: A comprehensive literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Embase was performed using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The keywords used included ‘liquid smoke’, ‘wood vinegar’, ‘liquid pyrolysis’ and ‘oral ulcer’. A screening process, including titles, abstracts and full texts, was performed. Eight related articles were selected to describe the possible pharmacodynamics or mechanism action of the liquid smoke originating from coconut shells and rice hulls for oral ulcer remedies. Results: Liquid smoke from coconut shell and rice husk is highly contained phenol, guaiacol and 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol (2-EMP). These compounds are antioxidants that can bind reactive oxygen species and increase cellular responses, inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing macrophage differentiation to M2. The increase of M2, with help from lymphocytes, can secrete various growth factors, which can accelerate the proliferation of fibroblasts and collagens needed in the healing process of oral ulcers. Conclusions: Liquid smoke pharmacodynamics inhibit both inflammatory and proliferation pathway stimulation, which promises remedies for oral ulcers.https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol9/jppres21.1107_9.6.905.pdfanalgesicanti-inflammatorycoconut shell-liquid smokehuman healthoral ulcer |
| spellingShingle | Meircurius D.C. Surboyo Diah S. Ernawati Ira Arundina Dieni Mansur Benni Iskandar Arvind B.R. Santosh Kelvin A.N. Anggrarista Pamela H. Cecilia Ayu A.B. Nagoro The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review. Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research analgesic anti-inflammatory coconut shell-liquid smoke human health oral ulcer |
| title | The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review. |
| title_full | The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review. |
| title_fullStr | The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review. |
| title_short | The potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies: A proposed mechanism based on systematic review. |
| title_sort | potential of liquid smoke as an oral ulcer remedies a proposed mechanism based on systematic review |
| topic | analgesic anti-inflammatory coconut shell-liquid smoke human health oral ulcer |
| url | https://jppres.com/jppres/pdf/vol9/jppres21.1107_9.6.905.pdf |
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