| Summary: | Tissue-resident macrophages (Mø) play tissue/organ-specific roles, and the physiological/pathological implications of uterine Mø in fertility and infertility are not yet fully understood. Herein, we report a simple propagation method for tissue-resident Mø by mixed culture with the respective tissue/organ-residing cells as the niche. We successfully propagated mouse uterine Mø by mixed culture with fibroblastic cells that exhibited properties of endometrial stromal cells. Propagated mouse uterine Mø were CD206- and arginase-1-positive; iNOS- and MHC-II-negative, indicating M2 polarization; and highly phagocytic, similar to endometrial Mø. Furthermore, uterine Mø were observed to express steroidogenic molecules including SRD5A1 and exhibited gap junction formation, likely with endometrial stromal cells. Accordingly, uterine Mø propagated by mixed culture may provide a new tool for studying immune–endocrine interactions related to fertility and infertility, particularly androgen’s intracrine actions in preparing the uterine tissue environment to support implantation and pregnancy as well as in the etiology of endometriosis.
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