Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain
Abstract Background In a chronic pain-causing disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the quality of coping with pain is crucial. Parents have a substantial influence on their children’s pain-coping strategies. This study aimed to develop scales for assessing parents’ strategies for coping wi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-023-00791-1 |
| _version_ | 1811175975621230592 |
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| author | Maria Backström Hanna Vuorimaa Maarit Tarkiainen Eliisa Löyttyniemi Liisa Kröger Kristiina Aalto Katariina Rebane Kati Markula-Patjas Merja Malin Sirja Sard Paula Keskitalo Katja Korkatti Minna-Maija Grönlund Milja Möttönen Heini Pohjankoski Maiju Hietanen Johanna Kärki Paula Vähäsalo |
| author_facet | Maria Backström Hanna Vuorimaa Maarit Tarkiainen Eliisa Löyttyniemi Liisa Kröger Kristiina Aalto Katariina Rebane Kati Markula-Patjas Merja Malin Sirja Sard Paula Keskitalo Katja Korkatti Minna-Maija Grönlund Milja Möttönen Heini Pohjankoski Maiju Hietanen Johanna Kärki Paula Vähäsalo |
| author_sort | Maria Backström |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background In a chronic pain-causing disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the quality of coping with pain is crucial. Parents have a substantial influence on their children’s pain-coping strategies. This study aimed to develop scales for assessing parents’ strategies for coping with their children’s pain and a shorter improved scale for children usable in clinical practice. Methods The number of items in the Finnish version of the pain-coping questionnaire for children was reduced from 39 to 20. A corresponding reduced scale was created for parental use. We recruited consecutive patients from nine hospitals evenly distributed throughout Finland, aged 8–16 years who visited a paediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and reported musculoskeletal pain during the past week. The patients and parents rated the child’s pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 and completed pain-coping questionnaires and depression inventories. The selection process of pain questionnaire items was performed using factor analyses. Results The average (standard deviation) age of the 130 patients was 13.0 (2.3) years; 91 (70%) were girls. Four factors were retained in the new, improved Pain-Coping Scales for children and parents. Both scales had 15 items with 2–5 items/factor. The goodness-of-fit statistics and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were satisfactory to good in both scaled. The criterion validity was acceptable as the demographic, disease related, and the depression and stress questionnaires correlated with the subscales. Conclusions We created a shorter, feasible pain-coping scale for children and a novel scale for caregivers. In clinical work, the pain coping scales may serve as a visualisation of different types of coping strategies for paediatric patients with pain and their parents and facilitate the identification of families in need of psychological support. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:44:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2905edc37584d16b7d4835112098488 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1546-0096 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T19:44:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2905edc37584d16b7d48351120984882023-01-29T12:06:39ZengBMCPediatric Rheumatology Online Journal1546-00962023-01-0121111410.1186/s12969-023-00791-1Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal painMaria Backström0Hanna Vuorimaa1Maarit Tarkiainen2Eliisa Löyttyniemi3Liisa Kröger4Kristiina Aalto5Katariina Rebane6Kati Markula-Patjas7Merja Malin8Sirja Sard9Paula Keskitalo10Katja Korkatti11Minna-Maija Grönlund12Milja Möttönen13Heini Pohjankoski14Maiju Hietanen15Johanna Kärki16Paula Vähäsalo17Department of Paediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital, Wellbeing services county of OstrobothniaThe Finnish Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Pain Management and Research HUS, New Childrens HospitalNew Childrens Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of TurkuDepartment of Paediatrics, Kuopio University HospitalNew Childrens Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiNew Childrens Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiDepartment of Paediatrics, Tampere University HospitalDepartment of Paediatrics, Tampere University HospitalPEDEGO Research Unit, University of OuluPEDEGO Research Unit, University of OuluDepartment of Paediatrics, Central Ostrobothnia Central HospitalDepartment of Paediatrics, Turku University HospitalDepartment of Paediatrics, Turku University HospitalDepartment of Paediatrics, Päijät-Häme Central HospitalDepartment of Paediatrics, Päijät-Häme Central HospitalDepartment of Children and Adolescents, Kanta-Häme Central HospitalPEDEGO Research Unit, University of OuluAbstract Background In a chronic pain-causing disease such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the quality of coping with pain is crucial. Parents have a substantial influence on their children’s pain-coping strategies. This study aimed to develop scales for assessing parents’ strategies for coping with their children’s pain and a shorter improved scale for children usable in clinical practice. Methods The number of items in the Finnish version of the pain-coping questionnaire for children was reduced from 39 to 20. A corresponding reduced scale was created for parental use. We recruited consecutive patients from nine hospitals evenly distributed throughout Finland, aged 8–16 years who visited a paediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic and reported musculoskeletal pain during the past week. The patients and parents rated the child’s pain on a visual analogue scale from 0 to 100 and completed pain-coping questionnaires and depression inventories. The selection process of pain questionnaire items was performed using factor analyses. Results The average (standard deviation) age of the 130 patients was 13.0 (2.3) years; 91 (70%) were girls. Four factors were retained in the new, improved Pain-Coping Scales for children and parents. Both scales had 15 items with 2–5 items/factor. The goodness-of-fit statistics and Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients were satisfactory to good in both scaled. The criterion validity was acceptable as the demographic, disease related, and the depression and stress questionnaires correlated with the subscales. Conclusions We created a shorter, feasible pain-coping scale for children and a novel scale for caregivers. In clinical work, the pain coping scales may serve as a visualisation of different types of coping strategies for paediatric patients with pain and their parents and facilitate the identification of families in need of psychological support.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-023-00791-1ChildCopingJuvenile idiopathic arthritisMusculoskeletalPainParent |
| spellingShingle | Maria Backström Hanna Vuorimaa Maarit Tarkiainen Eliisa Löyttyniemi Liisa Kröger Kristiina Aalto Katariina Rebane Kati Markula-Patjas Merja Malin Sirja Sard Paula Keskitalo Katja Korkatti Minna-Maija Grönlund Milja Möttönen Heini Pohjankoski Maiju Hietanen Johanna Kärki Paula Vähäsalo Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal Child Coping Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Musculoskeletal Pain Parent |
| title | Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain |
| title_full | Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain |
| title_fullStr | Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain |
| title_short | Pain-coping scale for children and their parents: a cross-sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain |
| title_sort | pain coping scale for children and their parents a cross sectional study in children with musculoskeletal pain |
| topic | Child Coping Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Musculoskeletal Pain Parent |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12969-023-00791-1 |
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