Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef
<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen and is tolerant of various environmental conditions. It can cause intestinal fever, gastroenteritis and bacteremia. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of illumination with 405 nm light-emitting diode...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/2/136 |
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| author | Du Guo Yichen Bai Shengyi Fei Yanpeng Yang Jiahui Li Baowei Yang Xin Lü Xiaodong Xia Chao Shi |
| author_facet | Du Guo Yichen Bai Shengyi Fei Yanpeng Yang Jiahui Li Baowei Yang Xin Lü Xiaodong Xia Chao Shi |
| author_sort | Du Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen and is tolerant of various environmental conditions. It can cause intestinal fever, gastroenteritis and bacteremia. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of illumination with 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the resistance of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium to environmental stress. Beef slices contaminated with <i>S</i>. Typhimurium were illuminated by 405 nm LEDs (18.9 ± 1.4 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) for 8 h at 4 °C; controls were incubated in darkness at 7 °C. Then, the illuminated or non-illuminated (control) cells were exposed to thermal stress (50, 55, 60 or 65 °C); oxidative stress (0.01% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> [<i>v/v</i>]); acid stress (simulated gastric fluid [SGF] at pH 2 or 3); or bile salts (1%, 2%, or 3% [<i>w/v</i>]). <i>S</i>. Typhimurium treated by 405 nm LED irradiation showed decreased resistance to thermal stress, osmotic pressure, oxidation, SGF and bile salts. The transcription of eight environmental tolerance-related genes were downregulated by the illumination. Our findings suggest the potential of applying 405 nm LED-illumination technology in the control of pathogens in food processing, production and storage, and in decreasing infection and disease related to <i>S</i>. Typhimurium. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:30:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c291d1f1175045bc95ce90dedd6a97a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:30:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-c291d1f1175045bc95ce90dedd6a97a82023-11-23T13:44:13ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-01-0111213610.3390/foods11020136Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced BeefDu Guo0Yichen Bai1Shengyi Fei2Yanpeng Yang3Jiahui Li4Baowei Yang5Xin Lü6Xiaodong Xia7Chao Shi8College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium is a widely distributed foodborne pathogen and is tolerant of various environmental conditions. It can cause intestinal fever, gastroenteritis and bacteremia. The aim of this research was to explore the effect of illumination with 405 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the resistance of <i>S</i>. Typhimurium to environmental stress. Beef slices contaminated with <i>S</i>. Typhimurium were illuminated by 405 nm LEDs (18.9 ± 1.4 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>) for 8 h at 4 °C; controls were incubated in darkness at 7 °C. Then, the illuminated or non-illuminated (control) cells were exposed to thermal stress (50, 55, 60 or 65 °C); oxidative stress (0.01% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> [<i>v/v</i>]); acid stress (simulated gastric fluid [SGF] at pH 2 or 3); or bile salts (1%, 2%, or 3% [<i>w/v</i>]). <i>S</i>. Typhimurium treated by 405 nm LED irradiation showed decreased resistance to thermal stress, osmotic pressure, oxidation, SGF and bile salts. The transcription of eight environmental tolerance-related genes were downregulated by the illumination. Our findings suggest the potential of applying 405 nm LED-illumination technology in the control of pathogens in food processing, production and storage, and in decreasing infection and disease related to <i>S</i>. Typhimurium.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/2/136405 nm LED<i>Salmonella</i> typhimuriumbeef sliceenvironmental stress tolerancesimulated gastric fluidbile salt |
| spellingShingle | Du Guo Yichen Bai Shengyi Fei Yanpeng Yang Jiahui Li Baowei Yang Xin Lü Xiaodong Xia Chao Shi Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef Foods 405 nm LED <i>Salmonella</i> typhimurium beef slice environmental stress tolerance simulated gastric fluid bile salt |
| title | Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef |
| title_full | Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef |
| title_fullStr | Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef |
| title_short | Effects of 405 ± 5-nm LED Illumination on Environmental Stress Tolerance of <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium in Sliced Beef |
| title_sort | effects of 405 5 nm led illumination on environmental stress tolerance of i salmonella i typhimurium in sliced beef |
| topic | 405 nm LED <i>Salmonella</i> typhimurium beef slice environmental stress tolerance simulated gastric fluid bile salt |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/2/136 |
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