Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath

Abstract Background Eugenol is the most commonly used plant anesthetic to relieve the stressors during various aquaculture procedures. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths in a simulated transportation. Results The pharmacokinetics...

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Main Authors: Yunyu Tang, Haixin Zhang, Guangxin Yang, Changling Fang, Cong Kong, Liangliang Tian, Xuanyun Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2022-03-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03145-3
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author Yunyu Tang
Haixin Zhang
Guangxin Yang
Changling Fang
Cong Kong
Liangliang Tian
Xuanyun Huang
author_facet Yunyu Tang
Haixin Zhang
Guangxin Yang
Changling Fang
Cong Kong
Liangliang Tian
Xuanyun Huang
author_sort Yunyu Tang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Eugenol is the most commonly used plant anesthetic to relieve the stressors during various aquaculture procedures. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths in a simulated transportation. Results The pharmacokinetics of eugenol were firstly investigated in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths of 300 mg L− 1 eugenol over 5 min (Treatment 1), 10 mg L− 1 eugenol during 24 h (Treatment 2) and a sequential immersion administration (Treatment 3). Concentrations of eugenol in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and muscle were determined using Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). After immersion bath of Treatment 1, the elimination half-life (t1/2z) values are 1.3 h and 11 h for hepatopancreas and muscles, indicating the rapid absorption and elimination of eugenol in shrimp. Under the Treatment 2 administration, the eugenol peak concentration is 6527.9 μg/kg in muscle, followed by 402.8 μg/kg in hepatopancreas, with the lowest concentration of 37.9 μg/L in hemolymph. Area under the curve (AUC0-∞) values lie in the order of muscle > hepatopancreas > hemolymph, suggesting that eugenol tends to accumulate in muscle by the immersion administration. Moreover, the average residence time (MRT0-∞) values of 38.6, 23.0 and 115.3 h for hemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle are achieved, which may indicate that hepatopancreas is the main organ for elimination of eugenol. After combining the conditions in a sequential bath immersion of eugenol (Treatment 3), the maximum concentration (Cmax) values of eugenol are higher than those achieved in Treatment 2, indicating that accumulation of eugenol happened in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle. In addition, the corresponding t1/2z values are 4.7, 14.9 and 47.6 h, respectively, suggesting the faster elimination from the tissues following sequential administration. After the immersion bath, eugenol concentrations in muscle of Pacific white shrimp are lower than 2.5 mg/kg at 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h in Treatment 1 ~ 3. Conclusions A withdrawal period of 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h following a 300 mg L− 1 of eugenol over a 5-min, 10 mg L− 1 eugenol concentration during a 24-h and combined conditions in a sequential immersion bath were suggested.
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spelling doaj.art-c2a01bdbdb9045e0b3e7772282a93de92022-12-22T03:20:33ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482022-03-0118111310.1186/s12917-022-03145-3Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bathYunyu Tang0Haixin Zhang1Guangxin Yang2Changling Fang3Cong Kong4Liangliang Tian5Xuanyun Huang6East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesJiang Xi Provincial Fisheries Research InstituteEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesAbstract Background Eugenol is the most commonly used plant anesthetic to relieve the stressors during various aquaculture procedures. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths in a simulated transportation. Results The pharmacokinetics of eugenol were firstly investigated in Pacific white shrimp by immersion baths of 300 mg L− 1 eugenol over 5 min (Treatment 1), 10 mg L− 1 eugenol during 24 h (Treatment 2) and a sequential immersion administration (Treatment 3). Concentrations of eugenol in hemolymph, hepatopancreas, and muscle were determined using Gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). After immersion bath of Treatment 1, the elimination half-life (t1/2z) values are 1.3 h and 11 h for hepatopancreas and muscles, indicating the rapid absorption and elimination of eugenol in shrimp. Under the Treatment 2 administration, the eugenol peak concentration is 6527.9 μg/kg in muscle, followed by 402.8 μg/kg in hepatopancreas, with the lowest concentration of 37.9 μg/L in hemolymph. Area under the curve (AUC0-∞) values lie in the order of muscle > hepatopancreas > hemolymph, suggesting that eugenol tends to accumulate in muscle by the immersion administration. Moreover, the average residence time (MRT0-∞) values of 38.6, 23.0 and 115.3 h for hemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle are achieved, which may indicate that hepatopancreas is the main organ for elimination of eugenol. After combining the conditions in a sequential bath immersion of eugenol (Treatment 3), the maximum concentration (Cmax) values of eugenol are higher than those achieved in Treatment 2, indicating that accumulation of eugenol happened in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle. In addition, the corresponding t1/2z values are 4.7, 14.9 and 47.6 h, respectively, suggesting the faster elimination from the tissues following sequential administration. After the immersion bath, eugenol concentrations in muscle of Pacific white shrimp are lower than 2.5 mg/kg at 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h in Treatment 1 ~ 3. Conclusions A withdrawal period of 2 h, 48 h and 24.5 h following a 300 mg L− 1 of eugenol over a 5-min, 10 mg L− 1 eugenol concentration during a 24-h and combined conditions in a sequential immersion bath were suggested.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03145-3EugenolPharmacokineticsAnesthetic efficacyPacific white shrimpImmersion bath
spellingShingle Yunyu Tang
Haixin Zhang
Guangxin Yang
Changling Fang
Cong Kong
Liangliang Tian
Xuanyun Huang
Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath
BMC Veterinary Research
Eugenol
Pharmacokinetics
Anesthetic efficacy
Pacific white shrimp
Immersion bath
title Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath
title_full Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath
title_fullStr Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath
title_short Pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after immersion bath
title_sort pharmacokinetics studies of eugenol in pacific white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei after immersion bath
topic Eugenol
Pharmacokinetics
Anesthetic efficacy
Pacific white shrimp
Immersion bath
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03145-3
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