Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>
Crocins are valuable bioactive components of gardenia fruit, and their biosynthesis and accumulation have attracted widespread interest. Studies have investigated the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin based on Illumina sequencing, but there is a lack of reports based on full-length transcripto...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-06-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6321 |
| _version_ | 1797492985851543552 |
|---|---|
| author | Tengfei Shen Yongjie Zheng Qian Liu Caihui Chen Lili Huang Shaoyong Deng Meng Xu Chunxia Yang |
| author_facet | Tengfei Shen Yongjie Zheng Qian Liu Caihui Chen Lili Huang Shaoyong Deng Meng Xu Chunxia Yang |
| author_sort | Tengfei Shen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Crocins are valuable bioactive components of gardenia fruit, and their biosynthesis and accumulation have attracted widespread interest. Studies have investigated the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin based on Illumina sequencing, but there is a lack of reports based on full-length transcriptome sequencing. Utilising SMRT sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we explored crocin biosynthesis and accumulation in the fruit of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>. HPLC analysis showed that crocins specifically exist in fruit and that the content of crocins increases gradually during fruit development. SMRT sequencing generated 46,715 high-quality full-length isoforms, including 5230 novel isoforms that are not present in the <i>G. jasminoides</i> genome. Furthermore, a total of 46 genes and 91 lncRNAs were involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin. The qRT-PCR indicated that genes involved in crocin biosynthesis reached a peak in the NOV stage. These findings contributed to our understanding of crocin biosynthesis and accumulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:13:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2a62fcff8d6473b89fb926c2152c923 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:13:30Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2a62fcff8d6473b89fb926c2152c9232023-11-23T14:13:30ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-06-012311632110.3390/ijms23116321Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>Tengfei Shen0Yongjie Zheng1Qian Liu2Caihui Chen3Lili Huang4Shaoyong Deng5Meng Xu6Chunxia Yang7Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, ChinaJiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, ChinaJiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, ChinaInstitute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, ChinaJiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, ChinaJiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, ChinaJiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330032, ChinaCrocins are valuable bioactive components of gardenia fruit, and their biosynthesis and accumulation have attracted widespread interest. Studies have investigated the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin based on Illumina sequencing, but there is a lack of reports based on full-length transcriptome sequencing. Utilising SMRT sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we explored crocin biosynthesis and accumulation in the fruit of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>. HPLC analysis showed that crocins specifically exist in fruit and that the content of crocins increases gradually during fruit development. SMRT sequencing generated 46,715 high-quality full-length isoforms, including 5230 novel isoforms that are not present in the <i>G. jasminoides</i> genome. Furthermore, a total of 46 genes and 91 lncRNAs were involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin. The qRT-PCR indicated that genes involved in crocin biosynthesis reached a peak in the NOV stage. These findings contributed to our understanding of crocin biosynthesis and accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6321<i>Gardenia jasminoides</i>SMRT sequencingRNA-seqcrocin contentcrocin biosynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Tengfei Shen Yongjie Zheng Qian Liu Caihui Chen Lili Huang Shaoyong Deng Meng Xu Chunxia Yang Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> SMRT sequencing RNA-seq crocin content crocin biosynthesis |
| title | Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> |
| title_full | Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> |
| title_fullStr | Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> |
| title_short | Integrated SMRT and Illumina Sequencing Provide New Insights into Crocin Biosynthesis of <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> |
| title_sort | integrated smrt and illumina sequencing provide new insights into crocin biosynthesis of i gardenia jasminoides i |
| topic | <i>Gardenia jasminoides</i> SMRT sequencing RNA-seq crocin content crocin biosynthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/11/6321 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tengfeishen integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT yongjiezheng integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT qianliu integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT caihuichen integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT lilihuang integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT shaoyongdeng integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT mengxu integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi AT chunxiayang integratedsmrtandilluminasequencingprovidenewinsightsintocrocinbiosynthesisofigardeniajasminoidesi |