Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment
Abstract Biochar application can alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on crops. However, the long-term effects of one-off biochar application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, soil enzyme activities, and rice yield under highly saline-alk...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Biochar |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00332-3 |
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| author | Feng Jin Junlong Piao Shihao Miao Weikang Che Xiang Li Xuebin Li Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Tomoyuki Tanaka Kazuki Taniyoshi Shuang Hua Yu Lan |
| author_facet | Feng Jin Junlong Piao Shihao Miao Weikang Che Xiang Li Xuebin Li Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Tomoyuki Tanaka Kazuki Taniyoshi Shuang Hua Yu Lan |
| author_sort | Feng Jin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Biochar application can alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on crops. However, the long-term effects of one-off biochar application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, soil enzyme activities, and rice yield under highly saline-alkali paddy soils remain unclear. Here, a 6-year paddy field study was conducted in a saline-alkali paddy field using two nitrogen application levels (0 and 225 kg ha−1) and four biochar application rates [0 (T0), 1.5% (T1.5), 3.0% (T3.0), and 4.5% (T4.5) biochar, w/w]. The results showed that compared with T0, the bulk density (BD) under T1.5, T3.0, and T4.5 treatments significantly decreased by 11.21%, 16.33%, and 25.57%, while total porosity (Tp) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) increased by 19.15–27.34% and 3217.78–5539.83%, respectively. Biochar consistently improved soil macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), and the percentage of water-stable aggregates (PWSA) over the years. Additionally, one-off application of biochar continuously reduced the soil Na+ concentration, Na+/K+ ratio, Na+/Ca2+ ratio, saturated paste extract (ECe), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SARe). However, it reduced the pH in 2021 and 2022 only. It enhanced the concentration of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) over the 6-year study, indicating its longer-term positive impact. Furthermore, the one-off biochar application, especially under high application rate treatments (T3.0 and T4.5), significantly and continuously improved nutrient availability and soil enzyme activities. However, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) decreased in the initial year of biochar application. The grain yield of T1.5, T3.0, and T4.5 surpassed that of T0 by 116.38%, 141.24%, and 145.20%, respectively. Notably, the rice yield reached its peak with the treatment of 3.0% (w/w) in all 6 years of study period. These findings offered new perspectives on repairing and improving soil quality and production ability of highly saline-alkali paddy soils. Graphical Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:13:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2b2d5f959de41469fe593f1fc01486b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2524-7867 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T07:13:22Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biochar |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2b2d5f959de41469fe593f1fc01486b2024-04-21T11:26:09ZengSpringerBiochar2524-78672024-04-016112210.1007/s42773-024-00332-3Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experimentFeng Jin0Junlong Piao1Shihao Miao2Weikang Che3Xiang Li4Xuebin Li5Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa6Tomoyuki Tanaka7Kazuki Taniyoshi8Shuang Hua9Yu Lan10Agronomy College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityAgronomy College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityAgronomy College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityAgronomy College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityAgronomy College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityAgronomy College, Jilin Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityLaboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityLaboratory of Crop Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto UniversityJilin Agricultural Science and Technology UniversityAgronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural UniversityAbstract Biochar application can alleviate the adverse effects of saline-alkali stress on crops. However, the long-term effects of one-off biochar application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, soil enzyme activities, and rice yield under highly saline-alkali paddy soils remain unclear. Here, a 6-year paddy field study was conducted in a saline-alkali paddy field using two nitrogen application levels (0 and 225 kg ha−1) and four biochar application rates [0 (T0), 1.5% (T1.5), 3.0% (T3.0), and 4.5% (T4.5) biochar, w/w]. The results showed that compared with T0, the bulk density (BD) under T1.5, T3.0, and T4.5 treatments significantly decreased by 11.21%, 16.33%, and 25.57%, while total porosity (Tp) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) increased by 19.15–27.34% and 3217.78–5539.83%, respectively. Biochar consistently improved soil macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), and the percentage of water-stable aggregates (PWSA) over the years. Additionally, one-off application of biochar continuously reduced the soil Na+ concentration, Na+/K+ ratio, Na+/Ca2+ ratio, saturated paste extract (ECe), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SARe). However, it reduced the pH in 2021 and 2022 only. It enhanced the concentration of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) over the 6-year study, indicating its longer-term positive impact. Furthermore, the one-off biochar application, especially under high application rate treatments (T3.0 and T4.5), significantly and continuously improved nutrient availability and soil enzyme activities. However, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN) decreased in the initial year of biochar application. The grain yield of T1.5, T3.0, and T4.5 surpassed that of T0 by 116.38%, 141.24%, and 145.20%, respectively. Notably, the rice yield reached its peak with the treatment of 3.0% (w/w) in all 6 years of study period. These findings offered new perspectives on repairing and improving soil quality and production ability of highly saline-alkali paddy soils. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00332-3BiocharLong-term effectSaline-alkali stressPhysicochemical propertiesRice |
| spellingShingle | Feng Jin Junlong Piao Shihao Miao Weikang Che Xiang Li Xuebin Li Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa Tomoyuki Tanaka Kazuki Taniyoshi Shuang Hua Yu Lan Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment Biochar Biochar Long-term effect Saline-alkali stress Physicochemical properties Rice |
| title | Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment |
| title_full | Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment |
| title_fullStr | Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment |
| title_short | Long-term effects of biochar one-off application on soil physicochemical properties, salt concentration, nutrient availability, enzyme activity, and rice yield of highly saline-alkali paddy soils: based on a 6-year field experiment |
| title_sort | long term effects of biochar one off application on soil physicochemical properties salt concentration nutrient availability enzyme activity and rice yield of highly saline alkali paddy soils based on a 6 year field experiment |
| topic | Biochar Long-term effect Saline-alkali stress Physicochemical properties Rice |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-024-00332-3 |
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