Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes
Three series of ionic self-assembled materials based on anionic azo-dyes and cationic benzalkonium surfactants were synthesized and thin films were prepared by spin-casting. These thin films appear isotropic when investigated with polarized optical microscopy, although they are highly anisotropic. H...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/2/109 |
| _version_ | 1811280744856682496 |
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| author | Miguel R. Carro-Temboury Martin Kühnel Mariam Ahmad Frederik Andersen Ári Brend Bech H. Krestian L. Bendixen Patrick R. Nawrocki Anders J. Bloch Ilkay Bora Tahreem A. Bukhari Nicolai V. Bærentsen Jens Carstensen Smeeah Chima Helene Colberg Rasmus T. Dahm Joshua A. Daniels Nermin Dinckan Mohamed El Idrissi Ricci Erlandsen Marc Førster Yasmin Ghauri Mikkel Gold Andreas Hansen Kenn Hansen Mathias Helmsøe-Zinck Mathias Henriksen Sophus V. Hoffmann Louise O. H. Hyllested Casper Jensen Amalie S. Kallenbach Kirandip Kaur Suheb R. Khan Emil T. S. Kjær Bjørn Kristiansen Sylvester Langvad Philip M. Lund Chastine F. Munk Theis Møller Ola M. Z. Nehme Mathilde Rove Nejrup Louise Nexø Simon Skødt Holm Nielsen Nicolai Niemeier Lasse V. Nikolajsen Peter C. T. Nøhr Dominik B. Orlowski Marc Overgaard Jacob Skaarup Ovesen Lucas Paustian Adam S. Pedersen Mathias K. Petersen Camilla M. Poulsen Louis Praeger-Jahnsen L. Sonia Qureshi Nicolai Ree Louise S. Schiermacher Martin B. Simris Gorm Smith Heidi N. Smith Alexander K. Sonne Marko R. Zenulovic Alma Winther Sørensen Karina Sørensen Emil Vogt Andreas Væring Jonas Westermann Sevin B. Özcan Thomas Just Sørensen |
| author_facet | Miguel R. Carro-Temboury Martin Kühnel Mariam Ahmad Frederik Andersen Ári Brend Bech H. Krestian L. Bendixen Patrick R. Nawrocki Anders J. Bloch Ilkay Bora Tahreem A. Bukhari Nicolai V. Bærentsen Jens Carstensen Smeeah Chima Helene Colberg Rasmus T. Dahm Joshua A. Daniels Nermin Dinckan Mohamed El Idrissi Ricci Erlandsen Marc Førster Yasmin Ghauri Mikkel Gold Andreas Hansen Kenn Hansen Mathias Helmsøe-Zinck Mathias Henriksen Sophus V. Hoffmann Louise O. H. Hyllested Casper Jensen Amalie S. Kallenbach Kirandip Kaur Suheb R. Khan Emil T. S. Kjær Bjørn Kristiansen Sylvester Langvad Philip M. Lund Chastine F. Munk Theis Møller Ola M. Z. Nehme Mathilde Rove Nejrup Louise Nexø Simon Skødt Holm Nielsen Nicolai Niemeier Lasse V. Nikolajsen Peter C. T. Nøhr Dominik B. Orlowski Marc Overgaard Jacob Skaarup Ovesen Lucas Paustian Adam S. Pedersen Mathias K. Petersen Camilla M. Poulsen Louis Praeger-Jahnsen L. Sonia Qureshi Nicolai Ree Louise S. Schiermacher Martin B. Simris Gorm Smith Heidi N. Smith Alexander K. Sonne Marko R. Zenulovic Alma Winther Sørensen Karina Sørensen Emil Vogt Andreas Væring Jonas Westermann Sevin B. Özcan Thomas Just Sørensen |
| author_sort | Miguel R. Carro-Temboury Martin Kühnel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three series of ionic self-assembled materials based on anionic azo-dyes and cationic benzalkonium surfactants were synthesized and thin films were prepared by spin-casting. These thin films appear isotropic when investigated with polarized optical microscopy, although they are highly anisotropic. Here, three series of homologous materials were studied to rationalize this observation. Investigating thin films of ordered molecular materials relies to a large extent on advanced experimental methods and large research infrastructure. A statement that in particular is true for thin films with nanoscopic order, where X-ray reflectometry, X-ray and neutron scattering, electron microscopy and atom force microscopy (AFM) has to be used to elucidate film morphology and the underlying molecular structure. Here, the thin films were investigated using AFM, optical microscopy and polarized absorption spectroscopy. It was shown that by using numerical method for treating the polarized absorption spectroscopy data, the molecular structure can be elucidated. Further, it was shown that polarized optical spectroscopy is a general tool that allows determination of the molecular order in thin films. Finally, it was found that full control of thermal history and rigorous control of the ionic self-assembly conditions are required to reproducibly make these materials of high nanoscopic order. Similarly, the conditions for spin-casting are shown to be determining for the overall thin film morphology, while molecular order is maintained. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:20:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2cd625415b84ce889b9e50a614b5913 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:20:18Z |
| publishDate | 2018-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2cd625415b84ce889b9e50a614b59132022-12-22T03:08:48ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912018-02-018210910.3390/nano8020109nano8020109Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-DyesMiguel R. Carro-Temboury Martin Kühnel0Mariam Ahmad1Frederik Andersen2Ári Brend Bech3H. Krestian L. Bendixen4Patrick R. Nawrocki5Anders J. Bloch6Ilkay Bora7Tahreem A. Bukhari8Nicolai V. Bærentsen9Jens Carstensen10Smeeah Chima11Helene Colberg12Rasmus T. Dahm13Joshua A. Daniels14Nermin Dinckan15Mohamed El Idrissi16Ricci Erlandsen17Marc Førster18Yasmin Ghauri19Mikkel Gold20Andreas Hansen21Kenn Hansen22Mathias Helmsøe-Zinck23Mathias Henriksen24Sophus V. Hoffmann25Louise O. H. Hyllested26Casper Jensen27Amalie S. Kallenbach28Kirandip Kaur29Suheb R. Khan30Emil T. S. Kjær31Bjørn Kristiansen32Sylvester Langvad33Philip M. Lund34Chastine F. Munk35Theis Møller36Ola M. Z. Nehme37Mathilde Rove Nejrup38Louise Nexø39Simon Skødt Holm Nielsen40Nicolai Niemeier41Lasse V. Nikolajsen42Peter C. T. Nøhr43Dominik B. Orlowski44Marc Overgaard45Jacob Skaarup Ovesen46Lucas Paustian47Adam S. Pedersen48Mathias K. Petersen49Camilla M. Poulsen50Louis Praeger-Jahnsen51L. Sonia Qureshi52Nicolai Ree53Louise S. Schiermacher54Martin B. Simris55Gorm Smith56Heidi N. Smith57Alexander K. Sonne58Marko R. Zenulovic59Alma Winther Sørensen60Karina Sørensen61Emil Vogt62Andreas Væring63Jonas Westermann64Sevin B. Özcan65Thomas Just Sørensen66Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkNano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, DenmarkThree series of ionic self-assembled materials based on anionic azo-dyes and cationic benzalkonium surfactants were synthesized and thin films were prepared by spin-casting. These thin films appear isotropic when investigated with polarized optical microscopy, although they are highly anisotropic. Here, three series of homologous materials were studied to rationalize this observation. Investigating thin films of ordered molecular materials relies to a large extent on advanced experimental methods and large research infrastructure. A statement that in particular is true for thin films with nanoscopic order, where X-ray reflectometry, X-ray and neutron scattering, electron microscopy and atom force microscopy (AFM) has to be used to elucidate film morphology and the underlying molecular structure. Here, the thin films were investigated using AFM, optical microscopy and polarized absorption spectroscopy. It was shown that by using numerical method for treating the polarized absorption spectroscopy data, the molecular structure can be elucidated. Further, it was shown that polarized optical spectroscopy is a general tool that allows determination of the molecular order in thin films. Finally, it was found that full control of thermal history and rigorous control of the ionic self-assembly conditions are required to reproducibly make these materials of high nanoscopic order. Similarly, the conditions for spin-casting are shown to be determining for the overall thin film morphology, while molecular order is maintained.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/2/109ionic self-assemblythin filmsmolecular orientationnon-covalent forcessoft materials |
| spellingShingle | Miguel R. Carro-Temboury Martin Kühnel Mariam Ahmad Frederik Andersen Ári Brend Bech H. Krestian L. Bendixen Patrick R. Nawrocki Anders J. Bloch Ilkay Bora Tahreem A. Bukhari Nicolai V. Bærentsen Jens Carstensen Smeeah Chima Helene Colberg Rasmus T. Dahm Joshua A. Daniels Nermin Dinckan Mohamed El Idrissi Ricci Erlandsen Marc Førster Yasmin Ghauri Mikkel Gold Andreas Hansen Kenn Hansen Mathias Helmsøe-Zinck Mathias Henriksen Sophus V. Hoffmann Louise O. H. Hyllested Casper Jensen Amalie S. Kallenbach Kirandip Kaur Suheb R. Khan Emil T. S. Kjær Bjørn Kristiansen Sylvester Langvad Philip M. Lund Chastine F. Munk Theis Møller Ola M. Z. Nehme Mathilde Rove Nejrup Louise Nexø Simon Skødt Holm Nielsen Nicolai Niemeier Lasse V. Nikolajsen Peter C. T. Nøhr Dominik B. Orlowski Marc Overgaard Jacob Skaarup Ovesen Lucas Paustian Adam S. Pedersen Mathias K. Petersen Camilla M. Poulsen Louis Praeger-Jahnsen L. Sonia Qureshi Nicolai Ree Louise S. Schiermacher Martin B. Simris Gorm Smith Heidi N. Smith Alexander K. Sonne Marko R. Zenulovic Alma Winther Sørensen Karina Sørensen Emil Vogt Andreas Væring Jonas Westermann Sevin B. Özcan Thomas Just Sørensen Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes Nanomaterials ionic self-assembly thin films molecular orientation non-covalent forces soft materials |
| title | Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes |
| title_full | Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes |
| title_fullStr | Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes |
| title_short | Using Polarized Spectroscopy to Investigate Order in Thin-Films of Ionic Self-Assembled Materials Based on Azo-Dyes |
| title_sort | using polarized spectroscopy to investigate order in thin films of ionic self assembled materials based on azo dyes |
| topic | ionic self-assembly thin films molecular orientation non-covalent forces soft materials |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/8/2/109 |
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