Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide
IntroductionPrevious studies have reported the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11, Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8, respectively. However, studies on the immunomodulatory enhancing effects of three complex probiotics have not been...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1055197/full |
| _version_ | 1811176977585930240 |
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| author | Weiwei Ma Wenwen Li Shuang Yu Hongsheng Bian Yanyan Wang Yang Jin Zhenhua Zhang Qing Ma Lili Huang |
| author_facet | Weiwei Ma Wenwen Li Shuang Yu Hongsheng Bian Yanyan Wang Yang Jin Zhenhua Zhang Qing Ma Lili Huang |
| author_sort | Weiwei Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionPrevious studies have reported the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11, Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8, respectively. However, studies on the immunomodulatory enhancing effects of three complex probiotics have not been conducted. The aim of our study is to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics effect on the immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX).MethodsAn immunocompromised mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, which was gavage of different doses of complex probiotics and levamisole hydrochloride. The splenic and thymic indices, intestinal barrier, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, percentage of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine levels, and gut microbiota were determined.ResultsResults showed that the complex probiotics significantly elevated the spleen and thymus indices, increased the villi and crypt depth and the goblet cells. The leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and the percentage of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations in the CTX-treated mice were significantly elevated by the complex probiotics. In addition, the cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) were significantly increased after complex probiotic treatment. The complex probiotics restored the gut microbiota structure to the pattern of the control group by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enhancing the relative abundances of specific microbiota that produced short-chain fatty acids.DiscussionThis study provides theoretical support for the immunity-enhancing function of the complex probiotics as well as a pharmacological basis for its further development and utilization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:00:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2d4184813544e2f9574d4c8edc537a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T20:00:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2d4184813544e2f9574d4c8edc537a82023-01-27T06:30:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-01-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.10551971055197Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamideWeiwei MaWenwen LiShuang YuHongsheng BianYanyan WangYang JinZhenhua ZhangQing MaLili HuangIntroductionPrevious studies have reported the beneficial effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis XLTG11, Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P8, respectively. However, studies on the immunomodulatory enhancing effects of three complex probiotics have not been conducted. The aim of our study is to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics effect on the immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX).MethodsAn immunocompromised mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide, which was gavage of different doses of complex probiotics and levamisole hydrochloride. The splenic and thymic indices, intestinal barrier, leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, percentage of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine levels, and gut microbiota were determined.ResultsResults showed that the complex probiotics significantly elevated the spleen and thymus indices, increased the villi and crypt depth and the goblet cells. The leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and the percentage of splenic lymphocyte subpopulations in the CTX-treated mice were significantly elevated by the complex probiotics. In addition, the cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) were significantly increased after complex probiotic treatment. The complex probiotics restored the gut microbiota structure to the pattern of the control group by reducing the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and enhancing the relative abundances of specific microbiota that produced short-chain fatty acids.DiscussionThis study provides theoretical support for the immunity-enhancing function of the complex probiotics as well as a pharmacological basis for its further development and utilization.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1055197/fullcomplex probioticscyclophosphamideimmunoregulationcytokinegut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Weiwei Ma Wenwen Li Shuang Yu Hongsheng Bian Yanyan Wang Yang Jin Zhenhua Zhang Qing Ma Lili Huang Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide Frontiers in Microbiology complex probiotics cyclophosphamide immunoregulation cytokine gut microbiota |
| title | Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide |
| title_full | Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide |
| title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide |
| title_short | Immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno-suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide |
| title_sort | immunomodulatory effects of complex probiotics on the immuno suppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide |
| topic | complex probiotics cyclophosphamide immunoregulation cytokine gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1055197/full |
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