The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma
The low efficiency of currently-used anti-cancer therapies poses a serious challenge, especially in the case of malignant melanoma, a cancer characterized by elevated invasiveness and relatively high mortality rate. The role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of melanoma and its acquis...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8359 |
| _version_ | 1797548571426291712 |
|---|---|
| author | Aleksandra Simiczyjew Ewelina Dratkiewicz Justyna Mazurkiewicz Marcin Ziętek Rafał Matkowski Dorota Nowak |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Simiczyjew Ewelina Dratkiewicz Justyna Mazurkiewicz Marcin Ziętek Rafał Matkowski Dorota Nowak |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Simiczyjew |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The low efficiency of currently-used anti-cancer therapies poses a serious challenge, especially in the case of malignant melanoma, a cancer characterized by elevated invasiveness and relatively high mortality rate. The role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of melanoma and its acquisition of resistance to treatment seems to be the main focus of recent studies. One of the factors that, in normal conditions, aids the organism in its fight against the cancer and, following the malignant transformation, adapts to facilitate the development of the tumor is the immune system. A variety of cell types, i.e., T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic and natural killer cells, as well as neutrophils, support the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, utilizing a plethora of mechanisms, including secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, induction of inhibitory receptors expression, or depletion of essential nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the processes regulated by tumor-associated cells that promote the immune escape of melanoma cells. The described mechanisms offer potential new targets for anti-cancer treatment and should be further studied to improve currently-employed therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:02:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2e6a5010a5b4870bd28ee9966f852a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:02:27Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2e6a5010a5b4870bd28ee9966f852a92023-11-20T20:07:53ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-11-012121835910.3390/ijms21218359The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of MelanomaAleksandra Simiczyjew0Ewelina Dratkiewicz1Justyna Mazurkiewicz2Marcin Ziętek3Rafał Matkowski4Dorota Nowak5Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, PolandDepartment of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, PolandThe low efficiency of currently-used anti-cancer therapies poses a serious challenge, especially in the case of malignant melanoma, a cancer characterized by elevated invasiveness and relatively high mortality rate. The role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of melanoma and its acquisition of resistance to treatment seems to be the main focus of recent studies. One of the factors that, in normal conditions, aids the organism in its fight against the cancer and, following the malignant transformation, adapts to facilitate the development of the tumor is the immune system. A variety of cell types, i.e., T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic and natural killer cells, as well as neutrophils, support the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, utilizing a plethora of mechanisms, including secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, induction of inhibitory receptors expression, or depletion of essential nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the processes regulated by tumor-associated cells that promote the immune escape of melanoma cells. The described mechanisms offer potential new targets for anti-cancer treatment and should be further studied to improve currently-employed therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8359immune cellsmelanomatargeted therapiesdrugs resistance |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Simiczyjew Ewelina Dratkiewicz Justyna Mazurkiewicz Marcin Ziętek Rafał Matkowski Dorota Nowak The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma International Journal of Molecular Sciences immune cells melanoma targeted therapies drugs resistance |
| title | The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma |
| title_full | The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma |
| title_short | The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma |
| title_sort | influence of tumor microenvironment on immune escape of melanoma |
| topic | immune cells melanoma targeted therapies drugs resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/21/8359 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aleksandrasimiczyjew theinfluenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT ewelinadratkiewicz theinfluenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT justynamazurkiewicz theinfluenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT marcinzietek theinfluenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT rafałmatkowski theinfluenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT dorotanowak theinfluenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT aleksandrasimiczyjew influenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT ewelinadratkiewicz influenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT justynamazurkiewicz influenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT marcinzietek influenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT rafałmatkowski influenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma AT dorotanowak influenceoftumormicroenvironmentonimmuneescapeofmelanoma |