Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam
A survey of the contamination of maize with aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone was carried out in the Southeastern and Central Highland provinces in Vietnam. Four provinces were chosen for sampling maize: Dong Nai (22), Binh Phuoc (25), Dak Lak (30) and Dak Nong (20). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AF...
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MDPI AG
2015-12-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/5/4/1195 |
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| author | Nguyen Hieu Phuong Nguyen Quang Thieu Brian Ogle Hans Pettersson |
| author_facet | Nguyen Hieu Phuong Nguyen Quang Thieu Brian Ogle Hans Pettersson |
| author_sort | Nguyen Hieu Phuong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A survey of the contamination of maize with aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone was carried out in the Southeastern and Central Highland provinces in Vietnam. Four provinces were chosen for sampling maize: Dong Nai (22), Binh Phuoc (25), Dak Lak (30) and Dak Nong (20). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2), fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and zearalenone (ZEA) were analysed by HPLC in 97 maize kernel samples. Fumonisins were the most common toxins found in all samples (67%), followed by aflatoxins (55.7%) and zearalenone (27.8%). The incidence of aflatoxin positive samples (61.7%) in the Southeastern provinces was higher than in the Central Highlands (50%), while fumonisins and zearalenone incidences were higher in the Central Highlands. The mean level of fumonisin B1 in samples from the Central Highlands provinces (1757 µg/kg) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than in the Southeastern provinces (740 µg/kg). Importantly, the percentage of positive samples (about 70%) that had over 20 µg/kg (ppb) aflatoxin was very high. Moreover, many samples (53%) contained more than one mycotoxin and this result highlights the difficulty of diagnosing mycotoxicoses in the field and the need for ongoing research to reduce the occurrence of mycotoxins in Vietnamese maize. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:43:52Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c2ea5e316b4a43d0ad713850acac3b37 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T16:43:52Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2ea5e316b4a43d0ad713850acac3b372022-12-21T22:24:14ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722015-12-01541195120310.3390/agriculture5041195agriculture5041195Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of VietnamNguyen Hieu Phuong0Nguyen Quang Thieu1Brian Ogle2Hans Pettersson3Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamFaculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, SE-750-07 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7024, SE-750-07 Uppsala, SwedenA survey of the contamination of maize with aflatoxins, fumonisins and zearalenone was carried out in the Southeastern and Central Highland provinces in Vietnam. Four provinces were chosen for sampling maize: Dong Nai (22), Binh Phuoc (25), Dak Lak (30) and Dak Nong (20). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2), fumonisin B1 (FB1), fumonisin B2 (FB2) and zearalenone (ZEA) were analysed by HPLC in 97 maize kernel samples. Fumonisins were the most common toxins found in all samples (67%), followed by aflatoxins (55.7%) and zearalenone (27.8%). The incidence of aflatoxin positive samples (61.7%) in the Southeastern provinces was higher than in the Central Highlands (50%), while fumonisins and zearalenone incidences were higher in the Central Highlands. The mean level of fumonisin B1 in samples from the Central Highlands provinces (1757 µg/kg) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than in the Southeastern provinces (740 µg/kg). Importantly, the percentage of positive samples (about 70%) that had over 20 µg/kg (ppb) aflatoxin was very high. Moreover, many samples (53%) contained more than one mycotoxin and this result highlights the difficulty of diagnosing mycotoxicoses in the field and the need for ongoing research to reduce the occurrence of mycotoxins in Vietnamese maize.http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/5/4/1195aflatoxinsfumonisinszearalenonemaizeVietnam |
| spellingShingle | Nguyen Hieu Phuong Nguyen Quang Thieu Brian Ogle Hans Pettersson Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam Agriculture aflatoxins fumonisins zearalenone maize Vietnam |
| title | Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam |
| title_full | Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam |
| title_short | Aflatoxins, Fumonisins and Zearalenone Contamination of Maize in the Southeastern and Central Highlands Provinces of Vietnam |
| title_sort | aflatoxins fumonisins and zearalenone contamination of maize in the southeastern and central highlands provinces of vietnam |
| topic | aflatoxins fumonisins zearalenone maize Vietnam |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/5/4/1195 |
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