Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent oncogenic virus estimated to infect greater than 90% of the world’s population. Following initial infection, it establishes latency in host B cells. EBV has developed a multitude of techniques to avoid detection by the host immune system and establish lifelong...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289313/full |
| _version_ | 1797384303007498240 |
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| author | D. G. Sausen M. C. Poirier L. M. Spiers E. N. Smith |
| author_facet | D. G. Sausen M. C. Poirier L. M. Spiers E. N. Smith |
| author_sort | D. G. Sausen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent oncogenic virus estimated to infect greater than 90% of the world’s population. Following initial infection, it establishes latency in host B cells. EBV has developed a multitude of techniques to avoid detection by the host immune system and establish lifelong infection. T cells, as important contributors to cell-mediated immunity, make an attractive target for these immunoevasive strategies. Indeed, EBV has evolved numerous mechanisms to modulate T cell responses. For example, it can augment expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which inhibits T cell function, and downregulates the interferon response, which has a strong impact on T cell regulation. It also modulates interleukin secretion and can influence major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and presentation. In addition to facilitating persistent EBV infection, these immunoregulatory mechanisms have significant implications for evasion of the immune response by tumor cells. This review dissects the mechanisms through which EBV avoids detection by host T cells and discusses how these mechanisms play into tumor survival. It concludes with an overview of cancer treatments targeting T cells in the setting of EBV-associated malignancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:33:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c2f7d5c067a24332a4dc883405629757 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:33:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c2f7d5c067a24332a4dc8834056297572023-12-21T04:39:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242023-12-011410.3389/fimmu.2023.12893131289313Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survivalD. G. SausenM. C. PoirierL. M. SpiersE. N. SmithEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a prevalent oncogenic virus estimated to infect greater than 90% of the world’s population. Following initial infection, it establishes latency in host B cells. EBV has developed a multitude of techniques to avoid detection by the host immune system and establish lifelong infection. T cells, as important contributors to cell-mediated immunity, make an attractive target for these immunoevasive strategies. Indeed, EBV has evolved numerous mechanisms to modulate T cell responses. For example, it can augment expression of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), which inhibits T cell function, and downregulates the interferon response, which has a strong impact on T cell regulation. It also modulates interleukin secretion and can influence major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expression and presentation. In addition to facilitating persistent EBV infection, these immunoregulatory mechanisms have significant implications for evasion of the immune response by tumor cells. This review dissects the mechanisms through which EBV avoids detection by host T cells and discusses how these mechanisms play into tumor survival. It concludes with an overview of cancer treatments targeting T cells in the setting of EBV-associated malignancy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289313/fullEBVT cellimmune evasionmalignancytumor survivalcancer immune evasion |
| spellingShingle | D. G. Sausen M. C. Poirier L. M. Spiers E. N. Smith Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival Frontiers in Immunology EBV T cell immune evasion malignancy tumor survival cancer immune evasion |
| title | Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival |
| title_full | Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival |
| title_short | Mechanisms of T cell evasion by Epstein-Barr virus and implications for tumor survival |
| title_sort | mechanisms of t cell evasion by epstein barr virus and implications for tumor survival |
| topic | EBV T cell immune evasion malignancy tumor survival cancer immune evasion |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289313/full |
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