A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT
Particle size and morphology analysis is a problem common to a wide range of applications, including additive manufacturing, geological and agricultural materials’ characterisation, food manufacturing and pharmaceuticals. Here, we review the use of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) for...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/3/1259 |
| _version_ | 1797623939735748608 |
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| author | Julia G. Behnsen Kate Black James E. Houghton Richard H. Worden |
| author_facet | Julia G. Behnsen Kate Black James E. Houghton Richard H. Worden |
| author_sort | Julia G. Behnsen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Particle size and morphology analysis is a problem common to a wide range of applications, including additive manufacturing, geological and agricultural materials’ characterisation, food manufacturing and pharmaceuticals. Here, we review the use of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) for particle analysis. We give an overview of different sample preparation methods, image processing protocols, the morphology parameters that can be determined, and types of materials that are suitable for analysis of particle sizes using X-ray CT. The main conclusion is that size and shape parameters can be determined for particles larger than approximately 2 to 3 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m, given adequate resolution of the X-ray CT setup. Particles composed of high atomic number materials (Z > 40) require careful sample preparation to ensure X-ray transmission. Problems occur when particles with a broad range of sizes are closely packed together, or when particles are fused (sintered or cemented). The use of X-ray CT for particle size analysis promises to become increasingly widespread, offering measurements of size, shape, and porosity of large numbers of particles within one X-ray CT scan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:35:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c30ce7fc1bc642beb75ebfe48697bd65 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:35:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c30ce7fc1bc642beb75ebfe48697bd652023-11-16T17:19:26ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-02-01163125910.3390/ma16031259A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CTJulia G. Behnsen0Kate Black1James E. Houghton2Richard H. Worden3School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UKSchool of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UKDepartment of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UKDepartment of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, UKParticle size and morphology analysis is a problem common to a wide range of applications, including additive manufacturing, geological and agricultural materials’ characterisation, food manufacturing and pharmaceuticals. Here, we review the use of microfocus X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) for particle analysis. We give an overview of different sample preparation methods, image processing protocols, the morphology parameters that can be determined, and types of materials that are suitable for analysis of particle sizes using X-ray CT. The main conclusion is that size and shape parameters can be determined for particles larger than approximately 2 to 3 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m, given adequate resolution of the X-ray CT setup. Particles composed of high atomic number materials (Z > 40) require careful sample preparation to ensure X-ray transmission. Problems occur when particles with a broad range of sizes are closely packed together, or when particles are fused (sintered or cemented). The use of X-ray CT for particle size analysis promises to become increasingly widespread, offering measurements of size, shape, and porosity of large numbers of particles within one X-ray CT scan.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/3/1259X-ray computed tomographyparticle size distributionparticle shape measurementspowder sample preparation |
| spellingShingle | Julia G. Behnsen Kate Black James E. Houghton Richard H. Worden A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT Materials X-ray computed tomography particle size distribution particle shape measurements powder sample preparation |
| title | A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT |
| title_full | A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT |
| title_short | A Review of Particle Size Analysis with X-ray CT |
| title_sort | review of particle size analysis with x ray ct |
| topic | X-ray computed tomography particle size distribution particle shape measurements powder sample preparation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/3/1259 |
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