The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study
BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic, progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS), and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease affecting young adults. Given the chronic, progressive nature of the disease, psychiatri...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195101/full |
| _version_ | 1797733154724773888 |
|---|---|
| author | Anas M. Alswat Anas M. Alswat Bsaim A. Altirkistani Bsaim A. Altirkistani Anas R. Alserihi Anas R. Alserihi Osama K. Baeshen Osama K. Baeshen Eythar S. Alrushid Joud Alkhudair Abdulaziz A. Aldbas Osama M. Wadaan Ahmad Alsaleh Ahmad Alsaleh Ahmad Alsaleh Yaser M. Al Malik Yaser M. Al Malik Yaser M. Al Malik Ahmad A. Abulaban Ahmad A. Abulaban Ahmad A. Abulaban Seraj Makkawi Seraj Makkawi Seraj Makkawi |
| author_facet | Anas M. Alswat Anas M. Alswat Bsaim A. Altirkistani Bsaim A. Altirkistani Anas R. Alserihi Anas R. Alserihi Osama K. Baeshen Osama K. Baeshen Eythar S. Alrushid Joud Alkhudair Abdulaziz A. Aldbas Osama M. Wadaan Ahmad Alsaleh Ahmad Alsaleh Ahmad Alsaleh Yaser M. Al Malik Yaser M. Al Malik Yaser M. Al Malik Ahmad A. Abulaban Ahmad A. Abulaban Ahmad A. Abulaban Seraj Makkawi Seraj Makkawi Seraj Makkawi |
| author_sort | Anas M. Alswat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic, progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS), and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease affecting young adults. Given the chronic, progressive nature of the disease, psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among these patients, as reported in the literature; however, data in Saudi Arabia are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with MS and their association with different patient demographics.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multicentered study that included adult patients with MS from 30 June 2021 to 30 June 2022. Participants were interviewed in person and asked to complete a survey that included general demographics, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Other variables related to the patients' conditions, such as MS type and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, were collected from the patient's electronic records. Descriptive statistics were performed, and associations were made using the chi-square, Fisher's exact, and analysis of variance tests, as appropriate.ResultsA total of 192 participants were included in this study. Based on a cutoff score of >10 on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder was 26.1% (50), with the majority of participants having minimal anxiety (40%); meanwhile, the prevalence of major depression was 42.7% (n = 82), and most of them had mild depression (30%). Female participants scored significantly higher compared to men on the GAD-7 scale (p = 0.0376), but not on the PHQ-9 scale (p = 0.1134). In addition, no statistically significant association was detected between functional disability (EDSS score) and prevalence of anxiety and depression.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression among patients with MS compared with that in the general population, with women being more affected. As these comorbid disorders could negatively affect the disease course, screening is of paramount significance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:25:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c31bcacc0ba24246a7a55971d607b834 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T12:25:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-c31bcacc0ba24246a7a55971d607b8342023-08-30T03:29:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402023-08-011410.3389/fpsyt.2023.11951011195101The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered studyAnas M. Alswat0Anas M. Alswat1Bsaim A. Altirkistani2Bsaim A. Altirkistani3Anas R. Alserihi4Anas R. Alserihi5Osama K. Baeshen6Osama K. Baeshen7Eythar S. Alrushid8Joud Alkhudair9Abdulaziz A. Aldbas10Osama M. Wadaan11Ahmad Alsaleh12Ahmad Alsaleh13Ahmad Alsaleh14Yaser M. Al Malik15Yaser M. Al Malik16Yaser M. Al Malik17Ahmad A. Abulaban18Ahmad A. Abulaban19Ahmad A. Abulaban20Seraj Makkawi21Seraj Makkawi22Seraj Makkawi23College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Neurology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of the National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic, progressive neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS), and it is the most common inflammatory neurological disease affecting young adults. Given the chronic, progressive nature of the disease, psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among these patients, as reported in the literature; however, data in Saudi Arabia are limited. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with MS and their association with different patient demographics.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional, multicentered study that included adult patients with MS from 30 June 2021 to 30 June 2022. Participants were interviewed in person and asked to complete a survey that included general demographics, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. Other variables related to the patients' conditions, such as MS type and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, were collected from the patient's electronic records. Descriptive statistics were performed, and associations were made using the chi-square, Fisher's exact, and analysis of variance tests, as appropriate.ResultsA total of 192 participants were included in this study. Based on a cutoff score of >10 on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder was 26.1% (50), with the majority of participants having minimal anxiety (40%); meanwhile, the prevalence of major depression was 42.7% (n = 82), and most of them had mild depression (30%). Female participants scored significantly higher compared to men on the GAD-7 scale (p = 0.0376), but not on the PHQ-9 scale (p = 0.1134). In addition, no statistically significant association was detected between functional disability (EDSS score) and prevalence of anxiety and depression.ConclusionThis study demonstrated a high prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder and major depression among patients with MS compared with that in the general population, with women being more affected. As these comorbid disorders could negatively affect the disease course, screening is of paramount significance.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195101/fullmultiple sclerosisautoimmune diseasecentral nervous systempsychiatric disordergeneralized anxiety disordermajor depression |
| spellingShingle | Anas M. Alswat Anas M. Alswat Bsaim A. Altirkistani Bsaim A. Altirkistani Anas R. Alserihi Anas R. Alserihi Osama K. Baeshen Osama K. Baeshen Eythar S. Alrushid Joud Alkhudair Abdulaziz A. Aldbas Osama M. Wadaan Ahmad Alsaleh Ahmad Alsaleh Ahmad Alsaleh Yaser M. Al Malik Yaser M. Al Malik Yaser M. Al Malik Ahmad A. Abulaban Ahmad A. Abulaban Ahmad A. Abulaban Seraj Makkawi Seraj Makkawi Seraj Makkawi The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study Frontiers in Psychiatry multiple sclerosis autoimmune disease central nervous system psychiatric disorder generalized anxiety disorder major depression |
| title | The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study |
| title_full | The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study |
| title_fullStr | The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study |
| title_short | The prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional multicentered study |
| title_sort | prevalence of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder in patients with multiple sclerosis in saudi arabia a cross sectional multicentered study |
| topic | multiple sclerosis autoimmune disease central nervous system psychiatric disorder generalized anxiety disorder major depression |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1195101/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anasmalswat theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasmalswat theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT bsaimaaltirkistani theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT bsaimaaltirkistani theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasralserihi theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasralserihi theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT osamakbaeshen theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT osamakbaeshen theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT eytharsalrushid theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT joudalkhudair theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT abdulazizaaldbas theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT osamamwadaan theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadalsaleh theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadalsaleh theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadalsaleh theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT yasermalmalik theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT yasermalmalik theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT yasermalmalik theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadaabulaban theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadaabulaban theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadaabulaban theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT serajmakkawi theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT serajmakkawi theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT serajmakkawi theprevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasmalswat prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasmalswat prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT bsaimaaltirkistani prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT bsaimaaltirkistani prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasralserihi prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT anasralserihi prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT osamakbaeshen prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT osamakbaeshen prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT eytharsalrushid prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT joudalkhudair prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT abdulazizaaldbas prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT osamamwadaan prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadalsaleh prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadalsaleh prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadalsaleh prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT yasermalmalik prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT yasermalmalik prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT yasermalmalik prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadaabulaban prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadaabulaban prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT ahmadaabulaban prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT serajmakkawi prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT serajmakkawi prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy AT serajmakkawi prevalenceofmajordepressionandgeneralizedanxietydisorderinpatientswithmultiplesclerosisinsaudiarabiaacrosssectionalmulticenteredstudy |