The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids
At exactly the individual permitted EU-tolerance dietary limits, fumonisins (FB: 5 mg/kg diet) and mixed fusariotoxins (DZ: 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet, and FDZ: 5 mg fumonisins + 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet) were administered to piglets (<i>n</...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/444 |
| _version_ | 1797528625253187584 |
|---|---|
| author | Omeralfaroug Ali Miklós Mézes Krisztián Balogh Melinda Kovács András Szabó |
| author_facet | Omeralfaroug Ali Miklós Mézes Krisztián Balogh Melinda Kovács András Szabó |
| author_sort | Omeralfaroug Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | At exactly the individual permitted EU-tolerance dietary limits, fumonisins (FB: 5 mg/kg diet) and mixed fusariotoxins (DZ: 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet, and FDZ: 5 mg fumonisins + 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet) were administered to piglets (<i>n</i> = 6/group) for three weeks. Bodyweights of intoxicated piglets increased, while feed conversion ratios decreased. In FDZ, both the absolute and relative weight of the liver decreased. In the renal-cellular membrane, the most pronounced alterations were in FDZ treatment, followed by individual FB exposure. In both treatments, high proportions of C20:0 and C22:0 with low fatty acid (FA) unsaturation were found. In hepatocyte phospholipids, FDZ toxins exerted antagonistic interactions, and FB had the strongest increasing effect on FA monounsaturation. Among all investigated organs, the spleen lipids were the least responsive, in which FDZ expressed synergistic reactions on C20:0 (↑ FDZ vs. FB) and C22:0 (↓ FDZ vs. DZ). The antioxidant defense of the kidney was depleted (↓ glutathione concentration by FB-exposure). Blood plasma indicated renal injury (profound increase of urea and creatinine in FB vs. DZ and FDZ). FB strongly increased total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas FDZ synergistically increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline-phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels. Summarized, individual and combined multiple fusariotoxins modified the membrane lipid profile and antioxidant defense of splanchnic organs, and serum biochemicals, without retarding growth in piglets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c31c0b273bad4bb9b5db088ca19fc7af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:01:01Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-c31c0b273bad4bb9b5db088ca19fc7af2023-11-22T01:57:10ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-06-0113744410.3390/toxins13070444The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue LipidsOmeralfaroug Ali0Miklós Mézes1Krisztián Balogh2Melinda Kovács3András Szabó4Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, HungaryDepartment of Feed Toxicology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Páter K. u. 1., 2053 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Feed Toxicology, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő Campus, Páter K. u. 1., 2053 Gödöllő, HungaryDepartment of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, HungaryDepartment of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba S. u. 40., 7400 Kaposvár, HungaryAt exactly the individual permitted EU-tolerance dietary limits, fumonisins (FB: 5 mg/kg diet) and mixed fusariotoxins (DZ: 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet, and FDZ: 5 mg fumonisins + 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet) were administered to piglets (<i>n</i> = 6/group) for three weeks. Bodyweights of intoxicated piglets increased, while feed conversion ratios decreased. In FDZ, both the absolute and relative weight of the liver decreased. In the renal-cellular membrane, the most pronounced alterations were in FDZ treatment, followed by individual FB exposure. In both treatments, high proportions of C20:0 and C22:0 with low fatty acid (FA) unsaturation were found. In hepatocyte phospholipids, FDZ toxins exerted antagonistic interactions, and FB had the strongest increasing effect on FA monounsaturation. Among all investigated organs, the spleen lipids were the least responsive, in which FDZ expressed synergistic reactions on C20:0 (↑ FDZ vs. FB) and C22:0 (↓ FDZ vs. DZ). The antioxidant defense of the kidney was depleted (↓ glutathione concentration by FB-exposure). Blood plasma indicated renal injury (profound increase of urea and creatinine in FB vs. DZ and FDZ). FB strongly increased total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas FDZ synergistically increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline-phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels. Summarized, individual and combined multiple fusariotoxins modified the membrane lipid profile and antioxidant defense of splanchnic organs, and serum biochemicals, without retarding growth in piglets.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/444fusariumdeoxynivalenolzearalenonefumonisin B seriespigsphospholipids |
| spellingShingle | Omeralfaroug Ali Miklós Mézes Krisztián Balogh Melinda Kovács András Szabó The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids Toxins fusarium deoxynivalenol zearalenone fumonisin B series pigs phospholipids |
| title | The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids |
| title_full | The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids |
| title_short | The Effects of Mixed <i>Fusarium</i> Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids |
| title_sort | effects of mixed i fusarium i mycotoxins at eu permitted feed levels on weaned piglets tissue lipids |
| topic | fusarium deoxynivalenol zearalenone fumonisin B series pigs phospholipids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/7/444 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT omeralfarougali theeffectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT miklosmezes theeffectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT krisztianbalogh theeffectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT melindakovacs theeffectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT andrasszabo theeffectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT omeralfarougali effectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT miklosmezes effectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT krisztianbalogh effectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT melindakovacs effectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids AT andrasszabo effectsofmixedifusariumimycotoxinsateupermittedfeedlevelsonweanedpigletstissuelipids |