| Summary: | Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the potential clinical application of an infiltrant with different etchants as pit and fissure sealants and to compare them with a conventional resin-based sealant. Materials and methods: Seventy-five molars were randomly divided into three groups (n = 25): phosphoric acid etchant + conventional resin-based sealant (Group A); 15% hydrochloric acid etchant + infiltrant (Group B); phosphoric acid etchant + infiltrant (Group C). Fifteen teeth in each group were subjected to pit and fissure sealing procedures. After 500 thermocycling and methylene blue dye penetration, ten specimens were sectioned and the pencentages of dye penetration were measured under a stereomicroscope. Another five teeth in each group were sectioned and the microgaps between materials and enamel surface were measured using electron microscope scanning. Ten teeth in each group were used to measure shear bond strength and the failure mode was analyzed. Results: The results showed that infiltrant exhibited significantly less microleakage and microgap than resin-based sealant, no matter which echant was used. Although there was no significant difference betweern the three groups, infiltrant applied with 15% hydrochloric acid etching showed higher shear bond strength than resin-based sealant etching with 35% phosphoric acid. Conclusions: The infiltrant has significant advantages in reducing the degree of microleakage and microgap. Moreover, the infiltrant could achieve the same bonding strength as conventional resin-based sealant. Although, manufacturers do not currently recommend the infiltrant for fissure sealing, the potential clinical application would be an off-label use.Clinical relevance This report provides a theoretical basis for the potential clinical application of the infiltrant as a pit and fissure sealant, and provides a new perspective for selecting pit and fissure sealants.
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