Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds
Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have fused molecular imprinting technology with magnetic separation technology, emerging as an innovative material capable of recognizing specific molecules and efficiently separating target substances. Their application to the extraction and purificat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/3/120 |
| _version_ | 1797239192580784128 |
|---|---|
| author | María del Carmen Pérez-Álvarez Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia Campillo Pilar Viñas |
| author_facet | María del Carmen Pérez-Álvarez Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia Campillo Pilar Viñas |
| author_sort | María del Carmen Pérez-Álvarez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have fused molecular imprinting technology with magnetic separation technology, emerging as an innovative material capable of recognizing specific molecules and efficiently separating target substances. Their application to the extraction and purification of mycotoxins has great potential, due to the toxicity and economic impact of these contaminants. In this work, MMIP has been proposed as a sample treatment for the determination of main four aflatoxins (B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub>) in pig feed. The MMIP was formed through the integration of magnetic material (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) with commercial molecularly imprinted polymers, avoiding the synthesis step and, therefore, simplifying the process. The analyses were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and the method was validated and limits of quantification (LOQs) between 0.09 and 0.47 ng/g were obtained, below the allowed or recommended levels by the European Union. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed relative standard deviations lower than 10% in all cases and trueness ranged from 92 to 111%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to 31 real pig feed samples, detecting aflatoxins with concentrations between 0.2 and 3.2 ng/g. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c32ca14ba29647b7aaff6d8bb3a1e972 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:47:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-c32ca14ba29647b7aaff6d8bb3a1e9722024-03-27T14:06:20ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512024-02-0116312010.3390/toxins16030120Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from FeedsMaría del Carmen Pérez-Álvarez0Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares1Natalia Campillo2Pilar Viñas3Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainMagnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) have fused molecular imprinting technology with magnetic separation technology, emerging as an innovative material capable of recognizing specific molecules and efficiently separating target substances. Their application to the extraction and purification of mycotoxins has great potential, due to the toxicity and economic impact of these contaminants. In this work, MMIP has been proposed as a sample treatment for the determination of main four aflatoxins (B<sub>1</sub>, B<sub>2</sub>, G<sub>1</sub> and G<sub>2</sub>) in pig feed. The MMIP was formed through the integration of magnetic material (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) with commercial molecularly imprinted polymers, avoiding the synthesis step and, therefore, simplifying the process. The analyses were carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and the method was validated and limits of quantification (LOQs) between 0.09 and 0.47 ng/g were obtained, below the allowed or recommended levels by the European Union. Repeatability and intermediate precision showed relative standard deviations lower than 10% in all cases and trueness ranged from 92 to 111%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to 31 real pig feed samples, detecting aflatoxins with concentrations between 0.2 and 3.2 ng/g.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/3/120aflatoxinsfeedsmagnetic molecularly imprinted polymersmagnetic separation technologyHPLC-FLD |
| spellingShingle | María del Carmen Pérez-Álvarez Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares Natalia Campillo Pilar Viñas Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds Toxins aflatoxins feeds magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers magnetic separation technology HPLC-FLD |
| title | Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds |
| title_full | Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds |
| title_fullStr | Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds |
| title_short | Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Aflatoxins from Feeds |
| title_sort | magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of aflatoxins from feeds |
| topic | aflatoxins feeds magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers magnetic separation technology HPLC-FLD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/16/3/120 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mariadelcarmenperezalvarez magneticmolecularlyimprintedpolymersforselectiveextractionofaflatoxinsfromfeeds AT nataliaarroyomanzanares magneticmolecularlyimprintedpolymersforselectiveextractionofaflatoxinsfromfeeds AT nataliacampillo magneticmolecularlyimprintedpolymersforselectiveextractionofaflatoxinsfromfeeds AT pilarvinas magneticmolecularlyimprintedpolymersforselectiveextractionofaflatoxinsfromfeeds |