Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors
In this study, electrical models for cylindrical/pouch-type lithium Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors were investigated, and the impedance spectra characteristics were studied. Cylindrical Li-ion batteries use Ni, Co, and Al as the main materials, while pouch-type Li-ion batteries use Ni, Co, and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Batteries |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/3/160 |
| _version_ | 1827751339092869120 |
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| author | Jin-Yong Bae |
| author_facet | Jin-Yong Bae |
| author_sort | Jin-Yong Bae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, electrical models for cylindrical/pouch-type lithium Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors were investigated, and the impedance spectra characteristics were studied. Cylindrical Li-ion batteries use Ni, Co, and Al as the main materials, while pouch-type Li-ion batteries use Ni, Co, and Mn as the main materials. Herein, 2600–3600 mAh 18650-type cylindrical Li-ion batteries, 5000 mAh 21700-type cylindrical Li-ion batteries, 37–50.5 Ah pouch-type Li-ion batteries, and a 2.7 V, 600 F supercapacitor are compared and analyzed. For a cylindrical Li-ion battery, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of a battery with a protection device (circular thermal disc cap) is in the range of 14–38 mΩ. For the 18650-type cylindrical Li-ion battery with a protection device, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is between 48 and 105 mΩ, and the protection device increases the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value by at least 33 mΩ. A good Li-ion battery exhibits <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Moreover, it has small overall <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> values. For the 21700-type cylindrical Li-ion battery with a protection device, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is 25 mΩ. For the pouch-type Li-ion battery, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is between 0.86 and 1.04 mΩ. For the supercapacitor, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is between 0.4779 and 0.5737 mΩ. A cylindrical Li-ion battery exhibits a semicircular shape in the impedance spectrum, due to the oxidation and reduction reactions of Li ions, and the impedance increases with a slope of 45° in the complex plane, due to the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> generated by Li ion diffusion. However, for a pouch-type Li-ion battery, the impedance spectrum exhibits a part of the semicircular shape, due to the oxidation and reduction reactions of Li ions, and the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> generated by Li ion diffusion does not appear. In a supercapacitor, the oxidation and reduction reactions of ions do not appear at all, and the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> generated by Li ion diffusion does not occur. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c32e50f37ece44c78c5677e63f4aaa75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-0105 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:56:48Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Batteries |
| spelling | doaj.art-c32e50f37ece44c78c5677e63f4aaa752023-11-17T09:36:07ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052023-03-019316010.3390/batteries9030160Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and SupercapacitorsJin-Yong Bae0Department of Electric Vehicle Engineering, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of KoreaIn this study, electrical models for cylindrical/pouch-type lithium Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors were investigated, and the impedance spectra characteristics were studied. Cylindrical Li-ion batteries use Ni, Co, and Al as the main materials, while pouch-type Li-ion batteries use Ni, Co, and Mn as the main materials. Herein, 2600–3600 mAh 18650-type cylindrical Li-ion batteries, 5000 mAh 21700-type cylindrical Li-ion batteries, 37–50.5 Ah pouch-type Li-ion batteries, and a 2.7 V, 600 F supercapacitor are compared and analyzed. For a cylindrical Li-ion battery, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of a battery with a protection device (circular thermal disc cap) is in the range of 14–38 mΩ. For the 18650-type cylindrical Li-ion battery with a protection device, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is between 48 and 105 mΩ, and the protection device increases the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value by at least 33 mΩ. A good Li-ion battery exhibits <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Moreover, it has small overall <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> values. For the 21700-type cylindrical Li-ion battery with a protection device, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is 25 mΩ. For the pouch-type Li-ion battery, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is between 0.86 and 1.04 mΩ. For the supercapacitor, the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>S</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> value of the battery is between 0.4779 and 0.5737 mΩ. A cylindrical Li-ion battery exhibits a semicircular shape in the impedance spectrum, due to the oxidation and reduction reactions of Li ions, and the impedance increases with a slope of 45° in the complex plane, due to the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> generated by Li ion diffusion. However, for a pouch-type Li-ion battery, the impedance spectrum exhibits a part of the semicircular shape, due to the oxidation and reduction reactions of Li ions, and the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> generated by Li ion diffusion does not appear. In a supercapacitor, the oxidation and reduction reactions of ions do not appear at all, and the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>Z</mi><mi>W</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> generated by Li ion diffusion does not occur.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/3/160impedance spectrumLi-ion batterysupercapacitorcylindrical batterypouch battery |
| spellingShingle | Jin-Yong Bae Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors Batteries impedance spectrum Li-ion battery supercapacitor cylindrical battery pouch battery |
| title | Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors |
| title_full | Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors |
| title_fullStr | Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors |
| title_short | Electrical Modeling and Impedance Spectra of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Supercapacitors |
| title_sort | electrical modeling and impedance spectra of lithium ion batteries and supercapacitors |
| topic | impedance spectrum Li-ion battery supercapacitor cylindrical battery pouch battery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/9/3/160 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinyongbae electricalmodelingandimpedancespectraoflithiumionbatteriesandsupercapacitors |