Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains
The global market for citric acid (CA) is one of the biggest and fastest expanding markets in the food industry. The CA production employing microbial bioprocessing with efficient GRAS strains and renewable waste streams is in line with the European Union binding targets for resource efficiency, sus...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2243 |
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| author | Dimitris Sarris Erminta Tsouko Angelos Photiades Sidoine Sadjeu Tchakouteu Panagiota Diamantopoulou Seraphim Papanikolaou |
| author_facet | Dimitris Sarris Erminta Tsouko Angelos Photiades Sidoine Sadjeu Tchakouteu Panagiota Diamantopoulou Seraphim Papanikolaou |
| author_sort | Dimitris Sarris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The global market for citric acid (CA) is one of the biggest and fastest expanding markets in the food industry. The CA production employing microbial bioprocessing with efficient GRAS strains and renewable waste streams is in line with the European Union binding targets for resource efficiency, sustainable consumption-production, and low-carbon technologies. In this work, the potential of three novel wild-type <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> strains (namely LMBF Y-46, LMBF Y-47 and ACA-YC 5033) regarding the production of CA and other valuable metabolites was tested on glucose-based media, and the most promising amongst the screened strains (<i>viz</i>. the strain ACA-YC 5033) was cultured on glucose-based media, in which part of the fermentation water had been replaced by olive-mill wastewaters (OMWs) in a novel approach of simultaneous OMW valorization and bioremediation. In the first part of this study, the mentioned strains were cultured under nitrogen-limited conditions with commercial (low-cost) glucose employed as a sole carbon source in shake-flask cultures at an initial concentration (S<sub>0</sub>) ≈ of 50 g/L. Variable quantities of secreted citric acid (CA) and intra-cellular compounds (<i>viz</i>. polysaccharides and lipids) were produced. All strains did not accumulate significantly high lipid quantities (i.e., maximum lipid in dry cell weight [DCW] values ≈30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> were noted) but produced variable CA quantities. The most promising strain, namely ACA-YC 5033, produced CA up to <i>c</i>. 24 g/L, with a yield of CA produced on glucose consumed (Y<sub>CA/S</sub>) ≈ 0.45 g/g. This strain in stirred tank bioreactor experiments, at remarkably higher S<sub>0</sub> concentrations (≈110 g/L) and the same initial nitrogen quantity added into the medium, produced notably higher CA quantities, up to 57 g/L (Y<sub>CA/S</sub> ≈ 0.52 g/g). The potential of the same strain (ACA-YC 5033) to bioremediate OMWs and to produce value-added compounds, i.e., yeast cells, CA, and intra-cellular metabolites, was also assessed; under nitrogen-limited conditions in which OMWs had partially replaced tap water and significant glucose concentrations had been added (S<sub>0</sub> ≈ 100 g/L, simultaneous molar ratio C/N ≈ 285 g/g, initial phenolic compounds [Phen<sub>0</sub>] adjusted to ≈1.0 g/L; these media were similar to the OMWs generated from the traditional press extraction systems) the notable CA quantity of 60.2 g/L with simultaneous Y<sub>CA/S</sub> = 0.66 g/g, was obtained in shake flasks, together with satisfactory phenolic compounds removal (up to 19.5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and waste decolorization (up to 47.0%). Carbon-limited conditions with Phen<sub>0</sub> ≈ 1.0 g/L favored the production of yeast DCW (up to 25.3 g/L), with equally simultaneous interesting phenolic compounds and color removal. The fatty acid profile showed that cellular lipids were highly unsaturated with oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids, accounting for more than 80% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. This study proposed an interesting approach that could efficiently address the biotreatment of toxic effluents and further convert them into circular-oriented bioproducts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:27:24Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c34fac3b4ebd41d08252d6dfd45cec05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:27:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c34fac3b4ebd41d08252d6dfd45cec052023-11-19T12:02:36ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-09-01119224310.3390/microorganisms11092243Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> StrainsDimitris Sarris0Erminta Tsouko1Angelos Photiades2Sidoine Sadjeu Tchakouteu3Panagiota Diamantopoulou4Seraphim Papanikolaou5Laboratory of Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food, Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, GreeceLaboratory of Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food, Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, GreeceLaboratory of Physico-Chemical and Biotechnological Valorization of Food By-Products, Department of Food, Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Leoforos Dimokratias 66, 81400 Myrina, Lemnos, GreeceLaboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Attiki, GreeceInstitute of Technology of Agricultural Products (ITAP), Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, 1 Sofokli Venizelou Street, 14123 Lykovryssi, Attiki, GreeceLaboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Attiki, GreeceThe global market for citric acid (CA) is one of the biggest and fastest expanding markets in the food industry. The CA production employing microbial bioprocessing with efficient GRAS strains and renewable waste streams is in line with the European Union binding targets for resource efficiency, sustainable consumption-production, and low-carbon technologies. In this work, the potential of three novel wild-type <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> strains (namely LMBF Y-46, LMBF Y-47 and ACA-YC 5033) regarding the production of CA and other valuable metabolites was tested on glucose-based media, and the most promising amongst the screened strains (<i>viz</i>. the strain ACA-YC 5033) was cultured on glucose-based media, in which part of the fermentation water had been replaced by olive-mill wastewaters (OMWs) in a novel approach of simultaneous OMW valorization and bioremediation. In the first part of this study, the mentioned strains were cultured under nitrogen-limited conditions with commercial (low-cost) glucose employed as a sole carbon source in shake-flask cultures at an initial concentration (S<sub>0</sub>) ≈ of 50 g/L. Variable quantities of secreted citric acid (CA) and intra-cellular compounds (<i>viz</i>. polysaccharides and lipids) were produced. All strains did not accumulate significantly high lipid quantities (i.e., maximum lipid in dry cell weight [DCW] values ≈30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> were noted) but produced variable CA quantities. The most promising strain, namely ACA-YC 5033, produced CA up to <i>c</i>. 24 g/L, with a yield of CA produced on glucose consumed (Y<sub>CA/S</sub>) ≈ 0.45 g/g. This strain in stirred tank bioreactor experiments, at remarkably higher S<sub>0</sub> concentrations (≈110 g/L) and the same initial nitrogen quantity added into the medium, produced notably higher CA quantities, up to 57 g/L (Y<sub>CA/S</sub> ≈ 0.52 g/g). The potential of the same strain (ACA-YC 5033) to bioremediate OMWs and to produce value-added compounds, i.e., yeast cells, CA, and intra-cellular metabolites, was also assessed; under nitrogen-limited conditions in which OMWs had partially replaced tap water and significant glucose concentrations had been added (S<sub>0</sub> ≈ 100 g/L, simultaneous molar ratio C/N ≈ 285 g/g, initial phenolic compounds [Phen<sub>0</sub>] adjusted to ≈1.0 g/L; these media were similar to the OMWs generated from the traditional press extraction systems) the notable CA quantity of 60.2 g/L with simultaneous Y<sub>CA/S</sub> = 0.66 g/g, was obtained in shake flasks, together with satisfactory phenolic compounds removal (up to 19.5% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and waste decolorization (up to 47.0%). Carbon-limited conditions with Phen<sub>0</sub> ≈ 1.0 g/L favored the production of yeast DCW (up to 25.3 g/L), with equally simultaneous interesting phenolic compounds and color removal. The fatty acid profile showed that cellular lipids were highly unsaturated with oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids, accounting for more than 80% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. This study proposed an interesting approach that could efficiently address the biotreatment of toxic effluents and further convert them into circular-oriented bioproducts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2243sustainable bioprocessingbioactive compoundsmicrobial oilpolysaccharidescitric acid |
| spellingShingle | Dimitris Sarris Erminta Tsouko Angelos Photiades Sidoine Sadjeu Tchakouteu Panagiota Diamantopoulou Seraphim Papanikolaou Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains Microorganisms sustainable bioprocessing bioactive compounds microbial oil polysaccharides citric acid |
| title | Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains |
| title_full | Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains |
| title_fullStr | Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains |
| title_short | Growth Response of Non-Conventional Yeasts on Sugar-Rich Media: Part 2: Citric Acid Production and Circular-Oriented Valorization of Glucose-Enriched Olive Mill Wastewaters Using Novel <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> Strains |
| title_sort | growth response of non conventional yeasts on sugar rich media part 2 citric acid production and circular oriented valorization of glucose enriched olive mill wastewaters using novel i yarrowia lipolytica i strains |
| topic | sustainable bioprocessing bioactive compounds microbial oil polysaccharides citric acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/9/2243 |
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