Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition
This study aims to address the environmental impact of using common commercial hydrate inhibitors such as Methanol (MeOH) in extremely cold oil and gas environments. As a greener alternative, <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (pectin) can act as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) to delay hyd...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/9/2080 |
| _version_ | 1797601853026861056 |
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| author | Adam Daniel Effendi Muhammad Aslam Md Yusof Nor Fariza Abd Mutalib Chee Wee Sia |
| author_facet | Adam Daniel Effendi Muhammad Aslam Md Yusof Nor Fariza Abd Mutalib Chee Wee Sia |
| author_sort | Adam Daniel Effendi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aims to address the environmental impact of using common commercial hydrate inhibitors such as Methanol (MeOH) in extremely cold oil and gas environments. As a greener alternative, <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (pectin) can act as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) to delay hydrate formation. We evaluated the performance of amidated pectin (AMP), a type of pectin with higher electronegative functional groups, using a high-pressure micro-differential scanning calorimeter (HP µ-DSC) under isobaric conditions with constant cooling. We compared AMP to low-methoxylated pectin (LMP) and high-methoxylated pectin (HMP) and found that AMP was the best KHI among the tested pectin types. At a concentration of 1.0 wt.%, the AMP Relative Inhibitor Performance (RIP) was 0.10, and at 0.1 wt.%, it had an RIP of 0.07, which were the only positive RIPs obtained amongst the tested KHIs. The results suggest that AMP can be a sustainable KHI option in extremely cold environments where the KHI effectiveness typically declines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:09:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c35274f487774de0925fc675dc5026fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:09:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c35274f487774de0925fc675dc5026fe2023-11-17T23:34:56ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-04-01159208010.3390/polym15092080Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric ConditionAdam Daniel Effendi0Muhammad Aslam Md Yusof1Nor Fariza Abd Mutalib2Chee Wee Sia3Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, MalaysiaThis study aims to address the environmental impact of using common commercial hydrate inhibitors such as Methanol (MeOH) in extremely cold oil and gas environments. As a greener alternative, <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (pectin) can act as a kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) to delay hydrate formation. We evaluated the performance of amidated pectin (AMP), a type of pectin with higher electronegative functional groups, using a high-pressure micro-differential scanning calorimeter (HP µ-DSC) under isobaric conditions with constant cooling. We compared AMP to low-methoxylated pectin (LMP) and high-methoxylated pectin (HMP) and found that AMP was the best KHI among the tested pectin types. At a concentration of 1.0 wt.%, the AMP Relative Inhibitor Performance (RIP) was 0.10, and at 0.1 wt.%, it had an RIP of 0.07, which were the only positive RIPs obtained amongst the tested KHIs. The results suggest that AMP can be a sustainable KHI option in extremely cold environments where the KHI effectiveness typically declines.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/9/2080amidated pectinamide functional groupgas hydrateconstant coolinggreen alternativesisobaric condition |
| spellingShingle | Adam Daniel Effendi Muhammad Aslam Md Yusof Nor Fariza Abd Mutalib Chee Wee Sia Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition Polymers amidated pectin amide functional group gas hydrate constant cooling green alternatives isobaric condition |
| title | Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition |
| title_full | Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition |
| title_fullStr | Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition |
| title_short | Amidated <i>Pectic Polysaccharides</i> (Pectin) as Methane Hydrate Inhibitor at Constant Cooling and Isobaric Condition |
| title_sort | amidated i pectic polysaccharides i pectin as methane hydrate inhibitor at constant cooling and isobaric condition |
| topic | amidated pectin amide functional group gas hydrate constant cooling green alternatives isobaric condition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/9/2080 |
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