Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Patients characteristically show the onset of seizures or neurological deficits due to the predominant LGG location in high-functional brain areas. As a molecular hallmark, LGGs display mutations in the isocitrate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/14/3726 |
| _version_ | 1797589920890486784 |
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| author | Marco Gallus Darwin Kwok Senthilnath Lakshmanachetty Akane Yamamichi Hideho Okada |
| author_facet | Marco Gallus Darwin Kwok Senthilnath Lakshmanachetty Akane Yamamichi Hideho Okada |
| author_sort | Marco Gallus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Patients characteristically show the onset of seizures or neurological deficits due to the predominant LGG location in high-functional brain areas. As a molecular hallmark, LGGs display mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes, resulting in an altered cellular energy metabolism and the production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Despite the remarkable progress in improving the extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, LGG remains incurable, and secondary malignant transformation is often observed. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In recent years, immunotherapeutic strategies have led to tremendous success in various cancer types, but the effect of immunotherapy against glioma has been limited due to several challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and the immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, recent preclinical and clinical findings from immunotherapy trials are encouraging and offer a glimmer of hope for treating IDH-mutant LGG patients. Here, we aim to review the lessons learned from trials involving vaccines, T-cell therapies, and IDH-mutant inhibitors and discuss future approaches to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies in IDH-mutant LGG. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:12:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3531f64c7ce408ab19cd787bdb72a7b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:12:58Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3531f64c7ce408ab19cd787bdb72a7b2023-11-18T18:43:17ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-07-011514372610.3390/cancers15143726Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade GliomaMarco Gallus0Darwin Kwok1Senthilnath Lakshmanachetty2Akane Yamamichi3Hideho Okada4Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USALow-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Patients characteristically show the onset of seizures or neurological deficits due to the predominant LGG location in high-functional brain areas. As a molecular hallmark, LGGs display mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes, resulting in an altered cellular energy metabolism and the production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Despite the remarkable progress in improving the extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, LGG remains incurable, and secondary malignant transformation is often observed. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In recent years, immunotherapeutic strategies have led to tremendous success in various cancer types, but the effect of immunotherapy against glioma has been limited due to several challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and the immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, recent preclinical and clinical findings from immunotherapy trials are encouraging and offer a glimmer of hope for treating IDH-mutant LGG patients. Here, we aim to review the lessons learned from trials involving vaccines, T-cell therapies, and IDH-mutant inhibitors and discuss future approaches to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies in IDH-mutant LGG.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/14/3726low-grade gliomaimmunotherapy for gliomaIDH-mutant gliomaglioma vaccineIDH-1 mutant inhibitorlow intensity-focused ultrasound |
| spellingShingle | Marco Gallus Darwin Kwok Senthilnath Lakshmanachetty Akane Yamamichi Hideho Okada Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma Cancers low-grade glioma immunotherapy for glioma IDH-mutant glioma glioma vaccine IDH-1 mutant inhibitor low intensity-focused ultrasound |
| title | Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma |
| title_full | Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma |
| title_fullStr | Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma |
| title_short | Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma |
| title_sort | immunotherapy approaches in isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant low grade glioma |
| topic | low-grade glioma immunotherapy for glioma IDH-mutant glioma glioma vaccine IDH-1 mutant inhibitor low intensity-focused ultrasound |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/14/3726 |
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