An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids are promising in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is one of the complications of diabetes due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Some plants, such as <i>Eryngium carlinae</i>, have been investigated regarding th...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/6/1235 |
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| author | Cristian M. Trejo-Hurtado Cinthia I. Landa-Moreno Jenaro Lemus-de la Cruz Donovan J. Peña-Montes Rocío Montoya-Pérez Rafael Salgado-Garciglia Salvador Manzo-Avalos Christian Cortés-Rojo Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva José Antonio Guerrero-Analco Alfredo Saavedra-Molina |
| author_facet | Cristian M. Trejo-Hurtado Cinthia I. Landa-Moreno Jenaro Lemus-de la Cruz Donovan J. Peña-Montes Rocío Montoya-Pérez Rafael Salgado-Garciglia Salvador Manzo-Avalos Christian Cortés-Rojo Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva José Antonio Guerrero-Analco Alfredo Saavedra-Molina |
| author_sort | Cristian M. Trejo-Hurtado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids are promising in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is one of the complications of diabetes due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Some plants, such as <i>Eryngium carlinae</i>, have been investigated regarding their medicinal properties in in vitro and in vivo assays, showing favorable results for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes and obesity. The present study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the phenolic compounds present in an ethyl acetate extract of the inflorescences of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> on liver homogenates and mitochondria from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by UHPLC-MS. In vitro assays were carried out to discover the antioxidant potential of the extract. Male Wistar rats were administered with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) and were given the ethyl acetate extract at a level of 30 mg/kg for 60 days. Phytochemical assays showed that the major constituents of the extract were flavonoids; in addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity was dose dependent with IC50 = 57.97 mg/mL and IC50 = 30.90 mg/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. Moreover, the oral administration of the ethyl acetate extract improved the effects of NAFLD, decreasing serum and liver triacylglycerides (TG) levels and oxidative stress markers and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Likewise, it attenuated liver damage by decreasing the expression of NF-κB and iNOS, which lead to inflammation and liver damage. We hypothesize that solvent polarity and consequently chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of <i>E. carlinae</i>, exert the beneficial effects due to phenolic compounds. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of <i>E. carlinae</i> have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:50:04Z |
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| id | doaj.art-c35e545edc19472da29d1bdcce3695d0 |
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| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:50:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-c35e545edc19472da29d1bdcce3695d02023-11-18T09:03:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-06-01126123510.3390/antiox12061235An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic RatsCristian M. Trejo-Hurtado0Cinthia I. Landa-Moreno1Jenaro Lemus-de la Cruz2Donovan J. Peña-Montes3Rocío Montoya-Pérez4Rafael Salgado-Garciglia5Salvador Manzo-Avalos6Christian Cortés-Rojo7Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva8José Antonio Guerrero-Analco9Alfredo Saavedra-Molina10Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa 91073, MexicoRed de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa 91073, MexicoInstituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, MexicoSecondary metabolites such as flavonoids are promising in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is one of the complications of diabetes due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Some plants, such as <i>Eryngium carlinae</i>, have been investigated regarding their medicinal properties in in vitro and in vivo assays, showing favorable results for the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes and obesity. The present study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the phenolic compounds present in an ethyl acetate extract of the inflorescences of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> on liver homogenates and mitochondria from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by UHPLC-MS. In vitro assays were carried out to discover the antioxidant potential of the extract. Male Wistar rats were administered with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45 mg/kg) and were given the ethyl acetate extract at a level of 30 mg/kg for 60 days. Phytochemical assays showed that the major constituents of the extract were flavonoids; in addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity was dose dependent with IC50 = 57.97 mg/mL and IC50 = 30.90 mg/mL in the DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively. Moreover, the oral administration of the ethyl acetate extract improved the effects of NAFLD, decreasing serum and liver triacylglycerides (TG) levels and oxidative stress markers and increasing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Likewise, it attenuated liver damage by decreasing the expression of NF-κB and iNOS, which lead to inflammation and liver damage. We hypothesize that solvent polarity and consequently chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of <i>E. carlinae</i>, exert the beneficial effects due to phenolic compounds. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds of the ethyl acetate extract of <i>E. carlinae</i> have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/6/1235antioxidantsanti-inflammatory activitydiabetes mellitus<i>Eryngium carlinae</i>phenolic compoundsrosmarinic acid |
| spellingShingle | Cristian M. Trejo-Hurtado Cinthia I. Landa-Moreno Jenaro Lemus-de la Cruz Donovan J. Peña-Montes Rocío Montoya-Pérez Rafael Salgado-Garciglia Salvador Manzo-Avalos Christian Cortés-Rojo Juan Luis Monribot-Villanueva José Antonio Guerrero-Analco Alfredo Saavedra-Molina An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Antioxidants antioxidants anti-inflammatory activity diabetes mellitus <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid |
| title | An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| title_full | An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| title_fullStr | An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| title_short | An Ethyl Acetate Extract of <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> Inflorescences Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Liver of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats |
| title_sort | ethyl acetate extract of i eryngium carlinae i inflorescences attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats |
| topic | antioxidants anti-inflammatory activity diabetes mellitus <i>Eryngium carlinae</i> phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/6/1235 |
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