The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom
<i>Shigella</i> comprises four species of human-restricted pathogens causing bacillary dysentery. While <i>Shigella</i> possesses multiple genetic loci contributing to virulence, a type III secretion system (T3SS) is its primary virulence factor. The <i>Shigella</i&g...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/451 |
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| author | Meenakumari Muthuramalingam Sean K. Whittier Wendy L. Picking William D. Picking |
| author_facet | Meenakumari Muthuramalingam Sean K. Whittier Wendy L. Picking William D. Picking |
| author_sort | Meenakumari Muthuramalingam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Shigella</i> comprises four species of human-restricted pathogens causing bacillary dysentery. While <i>Shigella</i> possesses multiple genetic loci contributing to virulence, a type III secretion system (T3SS) is its primary virulence factor. The <i>Shigella</i> T3SS nanomachine consists of four major assemblies: the cytoplasmic sorting platform; the envelope-spanning core/basal body; an exposed needle; and a needle-associated tip complex with associated translocon that is inserted into host cell membranes. The initial subversion of host cell activities is carried out by the effector functions of the invasion plasmid antigen (Ipa) translocator proteins, with the cell ultimately being controlled by dedicated effector proteins that are injected into the host cytoplasm though the translocon. Much of the information now available on the T3SS injectisome has been accumulated through collective studies on the T3SS from three systems, those of <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> and <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>/<i>Yersinia pestis</i>. In this review, we will touch upon the important features of the T3SS injectisome that have come to light because of research in the <i>Shigella</i> and closely related systems. We will also briefly highlight some of the strategies being considered to target the <i>Shigella</i> T3SS for disease prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:39:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3608c232ccf473cbd0448bf587b7e3e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:39:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3608c232ccf473cbd0448bf587b7e3e2023-12-11T17:57:16ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-02-019245110.3390/microorganisms9020451The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to BottomMeenakumari Muthuramalingam0Sean K. Whittier1Wendy L. Picking2William D. Picking3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA<i>Shigella</i> comprises four species of human-restricted pathogens causing bacillary dysentery. While <i>Shigella</i> possesses multiple genetic loci contributing to virulence, a type III secretion system (T3SS) is its primary virulence factor. The <i>Shigella</i> T3SS nanomachine consists of four major assemblies: the cytoplasmic sorting platform; the envelope-spanning core/basal body; an exposed needle; and a needle-associated tip complex with associated translocon that is inserted into host cell membranes. The initial subversion of host cell activities is carried out by the effector functions of the invasion plasmid antigen (Ipa) translocator proteins, with the cell ultimately being controlled by dedicated effector proteins that are injected into the host cytoplasm though the translocon. Much of the information now available on the T3SS injectisome has been accumulated through collective studies on the T3SS from three systems, those of <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> and <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>/<i>Yersinia pestis</i>. In this review, we will touch upon the important features of the T3SS injectisome that have come to light because of research in the <i>Shigella</i> and closely related systems. We will also briefly highlight some of the strategies being considered to target the <i>Shigella</i> T3SS for disease prevention.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/451<i>Shigella</i>type III secretion systemT3SSinjectisometip complextranslocator |
| spellingShingle | Meenakumari Muthuramalingam Sean K. Whittier Wendy L. Picking William D. Picking The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom Microorganisms <i>Shigella</i> type III secretion system T3SS injectisome tip complex translocator |
| title | The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom |
| title_full | The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom |
| title_fullStr | The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom |
| title_full_unstemmed | The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom |
| title_short | The <i>Shigella</i> Type III Secretion System: An Overview from Top to Bottom |
| title_sort | i shigella i type iii secretion system an overview from top to bottom |
| topic | <i>Shigella</i> type III secretion system T3SS injectisome tip complex translocator |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/2/451 |
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