Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System
Reciprocal neuron–glia cell communication is fundamental for the proper function of the nervous system. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that insulate and provide trophic support to neurons. This effective interaction is crucial not only for myelination...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00483/full |
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| author | Helena S. Domingues Helena S. Domingues Helena S. Domingues Ana Mendanha Falcão Ana Mendanha Falcão Inês Mendes-Pinto António J. Salgado António J. Salgado Fábio G. Teixeira Fábio G. Teixeira |
| author_facet | Helena S. Domingues Helena S. Domingues Helena S. Domingues Ana Mendanha Falcão Ana Mendanha Falcão Inês Mendes-Pinto António J. Salgado António J. Salgado Fábio G. Teixeira Fábio G. Teixeira |
| author_sort | Helena S. Domingues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Reciprocal neuron–glia cell communication is fundamental for the proper function of the nervous system. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that insulate and provide trophic support to neurons. This effective interaction is crucial not only for myelination but also for long-term axonal survival and neural connectivity. In recent years, exosomes have been portrayed as key players in intercellular interaction in the context of the healthy and diseased CNS. They act as communicating vehicles, true attachés operating between neurons and glial cells. Despite the complex exosome circuitry within the nervous system, experimental evidence supports the role of exosomes in modulating myelination. Oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes in response to neuronal signals in an electric activity-dependent manner. These released exosomes are then internalized by neurons, contributing to their integrity and activity. In turn, neurons secrete exosomes to control the communication between them and with myelinating cells in order to regulate synaptic function in neuronal development, myelin maintenance, and neuroregeneration. In this review, we provide a critical view of the current understanding on how exosomes, either from CNS-resident cells or from the periphery, contribute to the formation and maintenance of myelin and, additionally, on how the differential content of exosomes in normal and pathological conditions foresees the use of these nanovesicles as putative diagnostic and/or therapeutical agents in white matter degeneration-associated diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T15:15:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c362ff2148b54326b7bac379590197a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T15:15:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-c362ff2148b54326b7bac379590197a12022-12-21T21:03:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2020-06-01810.3389/fcell.2020.00483536179Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous SystemHelena S. Domingues0Helena S. Domingues1Helena S. Domingues2Ana Mendanha Falcão3Ana Mendanha Falcão4Inês Mendes-Pinto5António J. Salgado6António J. Salgado7Fábio G. Teixeira8Fábio G. Teixeira9Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B’s Associate Laboratory, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, PortugalLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B’s Associate Laboratory, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalInternational Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, PortugalLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B’s Associate Laboratory, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalICVS/3B’s Associate Laboratory, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, PortugalReciprocal neuron–glia cell communication is fundamental for the proper function of the nervous system. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that insulate and provide trophic support to neurons. This effective interaction is crucial not only for myelination but also for long-term axonal survival and neural connectivity. In recent years, exosomes have been portrayed as key players in intercellular interaction in the context of the healthy and diseased CNS. They act as communicating vehicles, true attachés operating between neurons and glial cells. Despite the complex exosome circuitry within the nervous system, experimental evidence supports the role of exosomes in modulating myelination. Oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes in response to neuronal signals in an electric activity-dependent manner. These released exosomes are then internalized by neurons, contributing to their integrity and activity. In turn, neurons secrete exosomes to control the communication between them and with myelinating cells in order to regulate synaptic function in neuronal development, myelin maintenance, and neuroregeneration. In this review, we provide a critical view of the current understanding on how exosomes, either from CNS-resident cells or from the periphery, contribute to the formation and maintenance of myelin and, additionally, on how the differential content of exosomes in normal and pathological conditions foresees the use of these nanovesicles as putative diagnostic and/or therapeutical agents in white matter degeneration-associated diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00483/fullExosomesmyelinaxon-oligodendrocyte unitdemyelinating diseasesbiomarkerstherapeutic vehicles |
| spellingShingle | Helena S. Domingues Helena S. Domingues Helena S. Domingues Ana Mendanha Falcão Ana Mendanha Falcão Inês Mendes-Pinto António J. Salgado António J. Salgado Fábio G. Teixeira Fábio G. Teixeira Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology Exosomes myelin axon-oligodendrocyte unit demyelinating diseases biomarkers therapeutic vehicles |
| title | Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System |
| title_full | Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System |
| title_fullStr | Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System |
| title_short | Exosome Circuitry During (De)(Re)Myelination of the Central Nervous System |
| title_sort | exosome circuitry during de re myelination of the central nervous system |
| topic | Exosomes myelin axon-oligodendrocyte unit demyelinating diseases biomarkers therapeutic vehicles |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcell.2020.00483/full |
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