Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence?
Monkeypox is a rare disease but is increasing in incidence in different countries since the first case was diagnosed in the UK by the United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency on 6 May 2022. As of 9 August, almost 32,000 cases have been identified in 89 countries. In endemic areas, the monkeypox vi...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/924 |
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| author | Ranjit Sah Abdelaziz Abdelaal Abdullah Reda Basant E. Katamesh Emery Manirambona Hanaa Abdelmonem Rachana Mehta Ali A. Rabaan Saad Alhumaid Wadha A. Alfouzan Amer I. Alomar Faryal Khamis Fadwa S. Alofi Maha H. Aljohani Amal H. Alfaraj Mubarak Alfaresi Jumana M. Al-Jishi Jameela Alsalman Ahlam Alynbiawi Mohammed S. Almogbel Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales |
| author_facet | Ranjit Sah Abdelaziz Abdelaal Abdullah Reda Basant E. Katamesh Emery Manirambona Hanaa Abdelmonem Rachana Mehta Ali A. Rabaan Saad Alhumaid Wadha A. Alfouzan Amer I. Alomar Faryal Khamis Fadwa S. Alofi Maha H. Aljohani Amal H. Alfaraj Mubarak Alfaresi Jumana M. Al-Jishi Jameela Alsalman Ahlam Alynbiawi Mohammed S. Almogbel Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales |
| author_sort | Ranjit Sah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Monkeypox is a rare disease but is increasing in incidence in different countries since the first case was diagnosed in the UK by the United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency on 6 May 2022. As of 9 August, almost 32,000 cases have been identified in 89 countries. In endemic areas, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is commonly transmitted through zoonosis, while in non-endemic regions, it is spread through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms can include flu-like symptoms, rash, or sores on the hands, feet, genitalia, or anus. In addition, people who did not take the smallpox vaccine were more likely to be infected than others. The exact pathogenesis and mechanisms are still unclear; however, most identified cases are reported in men who have sex with other men (MSM). According to the CDC, transmission can happen with any sexual or non-sexual contact with the infected person. However, a recent pooled meta-analysis reported that sexual contact is involved in more than 91% of cases. Moreover, it is the first time that semen analysis for many patients has shown positive monkeypox virus DNA. Therefore, in this review, we will describe transmission methods for MPXV while focusing mainly on potential sexual transmission and associated sexually transmitted infections. We will also highlight the preventive measures that can limit the spread of the diseases in this regard. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:48:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3777486768e4f4f8a5bc485b8be6bad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:48:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3777486768e4f4f8a5bc485b8be6bad2023-11-30T22:09:33ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-08-0111892410.3390/pathogens11080924Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence?Ranjit Sah0Abdelaziz Abdelaal1Abdullah Reda2Basant E. Katamesh3Emery Manirambona4Hanaa Abdelmonem5Rachana Mehta6Ali A. Rabaan7Saad Alhumaid8Wadha A. Alfouzan9Amer I. Alomar10Faryal Khamis11Fadwa S. Alofi12Maha H. Aljohani13Amal H. Alfaraj14Mubarak Alfaresi15Jumana M. Al-Jishi16Jameela Alsalman17Ahlam Alynbiawi18Mohammed S. Almogbel19Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales20Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu 44600, NepalHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USAFaculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, EgyptTanta Research Team, Tanta 31527, EgyptCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali 3286, RwandaMBBCh, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, EgyptNational Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, NepalMolecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi ArabiaAdministration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat 13110, KuwaitDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaInfection Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat 1331, OmanDepartment of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Department, Abqaiq General Hospital, First Eastern Health Cluster, Abqaiq 33261, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Al Quwain P.O. Box 499, United Arab EmiratesInternal Medicine Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 35342, Saudi ArabiaInfection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 435, BahrainInfectious Diseases Section, Medical Specialties Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 4030, Saudi ArabiaGrupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundacion Universitaria Autonoma de las Americas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, ColombiaMonkeypox is a rare disease but is increasing in incidence in different countries since the first case was diagnosed in the UK by the United Kingdom (UK) Health Security Agency on 6 May 2022. As of 9 August, almost 32,000 cases have been identified in 89 countries. In endemic areas, the monkeypox virus (MPXV) is commonly transmitted through zoonosis, while in non-endemic regions, it is spread through human-to-human transmission. Symptoms can include flu-like symptoms, rash, or sores on the hands, feet, genitalia, or anus. In addition, people who did not take the smallpox vaccine were more likely to be infected than others. The exact pathogenesis and mechanisms are still unclear; however, most identified cases are reported in men who have sex with other men (MSM). According to the CDC, transmission can happen with any sexual or non-sexual contact with the infected person. However, a recent pooled meta-analysis reported that sexual contact is involved in more than 91% of cases. Moreover, it is the first time that semen analysis for many patients has shown positive monkeypox virus DNA. Therefore, in this review, we will describe transmission methods for MPXV while focusing mainly on potential sexual transmission and associated sexually transmitted infections. We will also highlight the preventive measures that can limit the spread of the diseases in this regard.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/924sexual transmissionmonkeypoxemergingglobalepidemic |
| spellingShingle | Ranjit Sah Abdelaziz Abdelaal Abdullah Reda Basant E. Katamesh Emery Manirambona Hanaa Abdelmonem Rachana Mehta Ali A. Rabaan Saad Alhumaid Wadha A. Alfouzan Amer I. Alomar Faryal Khamis Fadwa S. Alofi Maha H. Aljohani Amal H. Alfaraj Mubarak Alfaresi Jumana M. Al-Jishi Jameela Alsalman Ahlam Alynbiawi Mohammed S. Almogbel Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence? Pathogens sexual transmission monkeypox emerging global epidemic |
| title | Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence? |
| title_full | Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence? |
| title_fullStr | Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence? |
| title_short | Monkeypox and Its Possible Sexual Transmission: Where Are We Now with Its Evidence? |
| title_sort | monkeypox and its possible sexual transmission where are we now with its evidence |
| topic | sexual transmission monkeypox emerging global epidemic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/8/924 |
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