Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise
This study provides a biomechanical analysis of the bodyweight wall-squat exercise considering four exercise variants: knee angle; horizontal hip-ankle distance (<i>d</i>); shift between the rearfoot and forefoot of the centre of pressure (<i>x</i><sub>GR</sub>) o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/9/3019 |
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| author | Andrea Biscarini Samuele Contemori Cristina V. Dieni Roberto Panichi |
| author_facet | Andrea Biscarini Samuele Contemori Cristina V. Dieni Roberto Panichi |
| author_sort | Andrea Biscarini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study provides a biomechanical analysis of the bodyweight wall-squat exercise considering four exercise variants: knee angle; horizontal hip-ankle distance (<i>d</i>); shift between the rearfoot and forefoot of the centre of pressure (<i>x</i><sub>GR</sub>) of the ground reaction force; back supported via the scapular or pelvic zone. The ankle and hip angles corresponding to a given knee angle can be modulated, changing the distance <i>d</i>, to manage limitation in lumbopelvic and ankle mobility. The knee-extensor muscles can be overloaded (250 Nm muscle torque) with knees flexed at 90°, back supported through the pelvic zone, and feet away from the wall (<i>d</i> = 50 cm). Scapular support, <i>x</i><sub>GR</sub> at forefoot, and <i>d</i> = 50 cm, yield a higher level of muscle-torque for hip-extension (130 Nm) and knee-flexion (65 Nm), with knees at 90° of flexion or near full extension, respectively. Ankle-dorsiflexion (plantarflexion) muscle torque up to 40 Nm is reached with <i>x</i><sub>GR</sub> at the forefoot (rearfoot). This study may aid trainers and therapists to finely modulate the muscle torques (up to the above-mentioned levels) by an appropriate selection of exercise variants for training or rehabilitation purposes. Low levels (60 N) of anterior tibial pull may occur near 25° of knee flexion with <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>GR</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> at the rearfoot. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:13:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c37f8090e47645d9b5d8ada050dee088 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:13:51Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c37f8090e47645d9b5d8ada050dee0882023-11-19T22:45:23ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-04-01109301910.3390/app10093019Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic ExerciseAndrea Biscarini0Samuele Contemori1Cristina V. Dieni2Roberto Panichi3Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyCentre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, AustraliaDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USADepartment of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, ItalyThis study provides a biomechanical analysis of the bodyweight wall-squat exercise considering four exercise variants: knee angle; horizontal hip-ankle distance (<i>d</i>); shift between the rearfoot and forefoot of the centre of pressure (<i>x</i><sub>GR</sub>) of the ground reaction force; back supported via the scapular or pelvic zone. The ankle and hip angles corresponding to a given knee angle can be modulated, changing the distance <i>d</i>, to manage limitation in lumbopelvic and ankle mobility. The knee-extensor muscles can be overloaded (250 Nm muscle torque) with knees flexed at 90°, back supported through the pelvic zone, and feet away from the wall (<i>d</i> = 50 cm). Scapular support, <i>x</i><sub>GR</sub> at forefoot, and <i>d</i> = 50 cm, yield a higher level of muscle-torque for hip-extension (130 Nm) and knee-flexion (65 Nm), with knees at 90° of flexion or near full extension, respectively. Ankle-dorsiflexion (plantarflexion) muscle torque up to 40 Nm is reached with <i>x</i><sub>GR</sub> at the forefoot (rearfoot). This study may aid trainers and therapists to finely modulate the muscle torques (up to the above-mentioned levels) by an appropriate selection of exercise variants for training or rehabilitation purposes. Low levels (60 N) of anterior tibial pull may occur near 25° of knee flexion with <inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>GR</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula> at the rearfoot.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/9/3019lower limbbiomechanicsrehabilitationjoint loadkneeACL |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Biscarini Samuele Contemori Cristina V. Dieni Roberto Panichi Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise Applied Sciences lower limb biomechanics rehabilitation joint load knee ACL |
| title | Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise |
| title_full | Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise |
| title_fullStr | Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise |
| title_full_unstemmed | Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise |
| title_short | Joint Torques and Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Force in the Bodyweight “Wall Squat” Therapeutic Exercise |
| title_sort | joint torques and tibiofemoral joint reaction force in the bodyweight wall squat therapeutic exercise |
| topic | lower limb biomechanics rehabilitation joint load knee ACL |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/9/3019 |
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