Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study
Objective: The transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been proven effective in preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS), and it is necessary to determine the structure of PFO associated with CS. In this study, we sought to evaluate the characteristics of PFO by using transesophageal echoc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Galenos Yayinevi
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Bagcilar Medical Bulletin |
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| Online Access: |
http://behmedicalbulletin.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/relation-between-patent-foramen-ovale-and-cryptoge/64742
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| _version_ | 1797253865237643264 |
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| author | Zeki Doğan Gökhan Bektaşoğlu |
| author_facet | Zeki Doğan Gökhan Bektaşoğlu |
| author_sort | Zeki Doğan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: The transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been proven effective in preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS), and it is necessary to determine the structure of PFO associated with CS. In this study, we sought to evaluate the characteristics of PFO by using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transesophageal echocardiography (c-TEE) to assess the characteristics of PFO associated with CS and seek out the high-risk factors for PFO for CS. Method: A total of 52 test patients who suffered CS combined with PFO and 64 control patients diagnosed with PFO without stroke were enrolled. The structure of the PFO was observed by TEE and c-TEE. The differences in PFO structure between the test patients and controls were compared. Results: The patients in the test group were older than the controls. The height and length of the PFO during Valsalva were found to be greater in the test group than in the control group. The occurrence rates of low-angle PFO (angle between inferior vena cava and PFO ≤10°) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) were higher in the test group than in the control group. Right-to-left shunt (RLS) ≥ grade II during Valsalva was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. Regarding RLS ≤ grade II during Valsalva and all grades of RLS at rest, there was no difference between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the length of the PFO during Valsalva, the presence of ASA, large (≥ grade II) RLS shunt during Valsalva and low-angle PFO were independent relevant factors for CS. Conclusion: The length of the PFO tunnel, low-angle PFO, RLS III during Valsalva and the presence of ASA were associated with a greater risk for CS. TEE combined with c-TEE may be helpful in identifying PFO patients at great risk of CS and screening for transcatheter closure of PFO. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T21:40:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c38061860c114a4f927e54387b5ea22e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2547-9431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T21:40:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Yayinevi |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bagcilar Medical Bulletin |
| spelling | doaj.art-c38061860c114a4f927e54387b5ea22e2024-03-21T06:27:24ZengGalenos YayineviBagcilar Medical Bulletin2547-94312024-03-0191525610.4274/BMB.galenos.2024.2024-01-01213049054Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic StudyZeki Doğan0Gökhan Bektaşoğlu1 İstanbul Atlas Universty Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, İstanbul, Turkey İstanbul Atlas Universty Vocational School, İstanbul, Turkey Objective: The transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been proven effective in preventing cryptogenic stroke (CS), and it is necessary to determine the structure of PFO associated with CS. In this study, we sought to evaluate the characteristics of PFO by using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and contrast transesophageal echocardiography (c-TEE) to assess the characteristics of PFO associated with CS and seek out the high-risk factors for PFO for CS. Method: A total of 52 test patients who suffered CS combined with PFO and 64 control patients diagnosed with PFO without stroke were enrolled. The structure of the PFO was observed by TEE and c-TEE. The differences in PFO structure between the test patients and controls were compared. Results: The patients in the test group were older than the controls. The height and length of the PFO during Valsalva were found to be greater in the test group than in the control group. The occurrence rates of low-angle PFO (angle between inferior vena cava and PFO ≤10°) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) were higher in the test group than in the control group. Right-to-left shunt (RLS) ≥ grade II during Valsalva was significantly higher in the test group than in the control group. Regarding RLS ≤ grade II during Valsalva and all grades of RLS at rest, there was no difference between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the length of the PFO during Valsalva, the presence of ASA, large (≥ grade II) RLS shunt during Valsalva and low-angle PFO were independent relevant factors for CS. Conclusion: The length of the PFO tunnel, low-angle PFO, RLS III during Valsalva and the presence of ASA were associated with a greater risk for CS. TEE combined with c-TEE may be helpful in identifying PFO patients at great risk of CS and screening for transcatheter closure of PFO. http://behmedicalbulletin.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/relation-between-patent-foramen-ovale-and-cryptoge/64742 cryptogenic strokeechocardiographypatent formane ovale |
| spellingShingle | Zeki Doğan Gökhan Bektaşoğlu Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study Bagcilar Medical Bulletin cryptogenic stroke echocardiography patent formane ovale |
| title | Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study |
| title_full | Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study |
| title_fullStr | Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study |
| title_short | Relation Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Cryptogenic Stroke: Single-center Echocardiographic Study |
| title_sort | relation between patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke single center echocardiographic study |
| topic | cryptogenic stroke echocardiography patent formane ovale |
| url |
http://behmedicalbulletin.org/archives/archive-detail/article-preview/relation-between-patent-foramen-ovale-and-cryptoge/64742
|
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zekidogan relationbetweenpatentforamenovaleandcryptogenicstrokesinglecenterechocardiographicstudy AT gokhanbektasoglu relationbetweenpatentforamenovaleandcryptogenicstrokesinglecenterechocardiographicstudy |