Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process
Hexagonal boron-nitride nanoparticle coating was deposited on AISI 1045 steel surface. The deposition process included a transformation of B-containing thin organic film into nanocrystalline BN using two methods: thermal annealing at 450–850 °C and reactive ion etching in Ar/N<sub>2</sub>...
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| author | Carlos Alberto Monezi Korneli Grigoriev Grigorov Aleksandar Tsanev Armstrong Godoy Antonio Augusto Couto Arnaldo Oliveira Lima Georgi Avdeev Roumen Iankov Marcos Massi |
| author_facet | Carlos Alberto Monezi Korneli Grigoriev Grigorov Aleksandar Tsanev Armstrong Godoy Antonio Augusto Couto Arnaldo Oliveira Lima Georgi Avdeev Roumen Iankov Marcos Massi |
| author_sort | Carlos Alberto Monezi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hexagonal boron-nitride nanoparticle coating was deposited on AISI 1045 steel surface. The deposition process included a transformation of B-containing thin organic film into nanocrystalline BN using two methods: thermal annealing at 450–850 °C and reactive ion etching in Ar/N<sub>2</sub> plasma. The film structure, phases, and film morphology of deposited nanoparticles of boron nitride on AISI 1045 steel were characterized by XPS, XRD, and EDS. Post-annealing at 450 °C does not lead to the formation of a BN phase in the layer. A non-stoichiometric BN phase with nitrogen deficiency appears at 650 °C. At 850 °C annealing, the formed BN phase is completely stoichiometric. The effects of deposited and incorporated BN on the friction and hardness properties of AISI 1045 steel were also studied. The post-annealing process improved the hardness from 5.35 to 11.4 GPa, showing a pronounced linear temperature dependence. An original approach was adopted to quantify the energy-dependent growth constants based on the indentation load-discharge curves measured on samples treated under different conditions. Those constants describe the rate of the reactions and the type of interdiffusion process characteristic for each material used. This approach can partially fulfill the role of the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry profile, which is an expensive and time-consuming process, mainly when light elements such as boron and nitrogen are used. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:33:24Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3891fb261474fcf9c17d22bcf528f922023-11-23T23:18:26ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-02-01155176110.3390/ma15051761Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic ProcessCarlos Alberto Monezi0Korneli Grigoriev Grigorov1Aleksandar Tsanev2Armstrong Godoy3Antonio Augusto Couto4Arnaldo Oliveira Lima5Georgi Avdeev6Roumen Iankov7Marcos Massi8School of Engineering—PPGEMN, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 930, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, BrazilSpace Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. Bl. 1, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaPlasmas and Processes Laboratory—LPP, Technological Institute of Aeronautics—ITA, Praça Mal. Eduardo Gomes, 50, São José dos Campos 12228-900, SP, BrazilSchool of Engineering—PPGEMN, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 930, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, BrazilSurface Phenomena Laboratory, Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-010, SP, BrazilRostislaw Kaischew Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev St., Bl. 4, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaSchool of Engineering—PPGEMN, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação, 930, São Paulo 01302-907, SP, BrazilHexagonal boron-nitride nanoparticle coating was deposited on AISI 1045 steel surface. The deposition process included a transformation of B-containing thin organic film into nanocrystalline BN using two methods: thermal annealing at 450–850 °C and reactive ion etching in Ar/N<sub>2</sub> plasma. The film structure, phases, and film morphology of deposited nanoparticles of boron nitride on AISI 1045 steel were characterized by XPS, XRD, and EDS. Post-annealing at 450 °C does not lead to the formation of a BN phase in the layer. A non-stoichiometric BN phase with nitrogen deficiency appears at 650 °C. At 850 °C annealing, the formed BN phase is completely stoichiometric. The effects of deposited and incorporated BN on the friction and hardness properties of AISI 1045 steel were also studied. The post-annealing process improved the hardness from 5.35 to 11.4 GPa, showing a pronounced linear temperature dependence. An original approach was adopted to quantify the energy-dependent growth constants based on the indentation load-discharge curves measured on samples treated under different conditions. Those constants describe the rate of the reactions and the type of interdiffusion process characteristic for each material used. This approach can partially fulfill the role of the Rutherford backscattering spectrometry profile, which is an expensive and time-consuming process, mainly when light elements such as boron and nitrogen are used.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1761energy-dependent growth constantstribologyplasma-enhanced surface modificationhardness improvementreactive ion etching (RIE)nanocrystalline BN |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Alberto Monezi Korneli Grigoriev Grigorov Aleksandar Tsanev Armstrong Godoy Antonio Augusto Couto Arnaldo Oliveira Lima Georgi Avdeev Roumen Iankov Marcos Massi Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process Materials energy-dependent growth constants tribology plasma-enhanced surface modification hardness improvement reactive ion etching (RIE) nanocrystalline BN |
| title | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process |
| title_full | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process |
| title_fullStr | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process |
| title_short | Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Boron-Nitride Thin Films by Ion Milling and Thermal Treatment for Tribological Coatings: An Approach to Quantifying the Growth Dynamic Process |
| title_sort | synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline boron nitride thin films by ion milling and thermal treatment for tribological coatings an approach to quantifying the growth dynamic process |
| topic | energy-dependent growth constants tribology plasma-enhanced surface modification hardness improvement reactive ion etching (RIE) nanocrystalline BN |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/5/1761 |
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