The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Early Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition that tends to progress to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Early diagnosis of kidney disease in the early stages can reduce complications. Alterations in renal function represent a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms underlying the...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11196 |
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| author | Jorge Andrade-Sierra Leonardo Pazarín-Villaseñor Francisco Gerardo Yanowsky-Escatell Elodia Nataly Díaz-de la Cruz Andrés García-Sánchez Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz Francisco Javier Munguía-Galaviz Alejandra de Alba-Razo Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz |
| author_facet | Jorge Andrade-Sierra Leonardo Pazarín-Villaseñor Francisco Gerardo Yanowsky-Escatell Elodia Nataly Díaz-de la Cruz Andrés García-Sánchez Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz Francisco Javier Munguía-Galaviz Alejandra de Alba-Razo Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz |
| author_sort | Jorge Andrade-Sierra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Early Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition that tends to progress to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Early diagnosis of kidney disease in the early stages can reduce complications. Alterations in renal function represent a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms underlying the progression of CKD in diabetes could be associated with oxidative and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate the state of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) on the progression of CKD in the early stages in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with CKD in early stages (1, 2, 3) with and without T2DM. The ELISA method determined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as lipoperoxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Colorimetric methods determined glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Patients with CKD and T2DM had significantly decreased antioxidant defenses for SOD (<i>p</i> < 0.01), GPx (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and TAC (<i>p</i> < 0.01) compared to patients without T2DM. Consequently, patients with T2DM had higher concentrations of oxidant markers, NO (<i>p</i> < 0.01), inflammation markers, IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and TNF-α than patients without T2DM. CKD stages were not related to oxidative, antioxidant, and inflammatory marker outcomes in T2DM patients. Patients without T2DM presented an increase in SOD (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and a decrease in NO (<i>p</i> < 0.01) when the stage of CKD increased. In conclusion, patients with T2DM present higher levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers accompanied by a decrease in antioxidant defense. However, these oxidative status markers were associated with CKD stage progression in patients without T2DM. Thus, NO and SOD markers could help detect the early stages of CKD in patients who have not yet developed metabolic comorbidities such as T2DM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:42:32Z |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:42:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3917f65290740108439a556eea0fc472023-11-23T20:28:56ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123191119610.3390/ijms231911196The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes MellitusJorge Andrade-Sierra0Leonardo Pazarín-Villaseñor1Francisco Gerardo Yanowsky-Escatell2Elodia Nataly Díaz-de la Cruz3Andrés García-Sánchez4Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz5Francisco Javier Munguía-Galaviz6Alejandra de Alba-Razo7Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz8Nephrology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara “Dr Juan I. Menchaca”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoNephrology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara “Dr Juan I. Menchaca”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoNephrology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara “Dr Juan I. Menchaca”, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, MexicoEarly Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a condition that tends to progress to End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Early diagnosis of kidney disease in the early stages can reduce complications. Alterations in renal function represent a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms underlying the progression of CKD in diabetes could be associated with oxidative and inflammatory processes. This study aimed to evaluate the state of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) on the progression of CKD in the early stages in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with CKD in early stages (1, 2, 3) with and without T2DM. The ELISA method determined the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as lipoperoxides (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD). Colorimetric methods determined glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Patients with CKD and T2DM had significantly decreased antioxidant defenses for SOD (<i>p</i> < 0.01), GPx (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and TAC (<i>p</i> < 0.01) compared to patients without T2DM. Consequently, patients with T2DM had higher concentrations of oxidant markers, NO (<i>p</i> < 0.01), inflammation markers, IL-6 (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and TNF-α than patients without T2DM. CKD stages were not related to oxidative, antioxidant, and inflammatory marker outcomes in T2DM patients. Patients without T2DM presented an increase in SOD (<i>p</i> = 0.04) and a decrease in NO (<i>p</i> < 0.01) when the stage of CKD increased. In conclusion, patients with T2DM present higher levels of oxidative and inflammatory markers accompanied by a decrease in antioxidant defense. However, these oxidative status markers were associated with CKD stage progression in patients without T2DM. Thus, NO and SOD markers could help detect the early stages of CKD in patients who have not yet developed metabolic comorbidities such as T2DM.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11196chronic kidney diseaseoxidative stressdiabetes mellitusearly chronic kidney diseaseantioxidantsinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Andrade-Sierra Leonardo Pazarín-Villaseñor Francisco Gerardo Yanowsky-Escatell Elodia Nataly Díaz-de la Cruz Andrés García-Sánchez Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz Francisco Javier Munguía-Galaviz Alejandra de Alba-Razo Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus International Journal of Molecular Sciences chronic kidney disease oxidative stress diabetes mellitus early chronic kidney disease antioxidants inflammation |
| title | The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full | The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_fullStr | The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_short | The Influence of the Severity of Early Chronic Kidney Disease on Oxidative Stress in Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
| title_sort | influence of the severity of early chronic kidney disease on oxidative stress in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | chronic kidney disease oxidative stress diabetes mellitus early chronic kidney disease antioxidants inflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/19/11196 |
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