Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations
<i>All</i>-lignin coating formulations were prepared while combining water-soluble cationic kraft lignin (quaternized LignoBoost<sup>®</sup>, CL) and anionic lignosulphonate (LS). The electrostatic attraction between positively charged CL and negatively charged LS led to the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/7869 |
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| author | Patricia I. F. Pinto Sandra Magina Sara Fateixa Paula C. R. Pinto Falk Liebner Dmitry V. Evtuguin |
| author_facet | Patricia I. F. Pinto Sandra Magina Sara Fateixa Paula C. R. Pinto Falk Liebner Dmitry V. Evtuguin |
| author_sort | Patricia I. F. Pinto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>All</i>-lignin coating formulations were prepared while combining water-soluble cationic kraft lignin (quaternized LignoBoost<sup>®</sup>, CL) and anionic lignosulphonate (LS). The electrostatic attraction between positively charged CL and negatively charged LS led to the formation of insoluble self-organized macromolecule aggregates that align to films. The structures of the formed layers were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), firstly on glass lamina using dip-coating deposition and then on handsheets and industrial uncoated paper using roll-to-roll coating in a layer-by-layer mode. Coated samples were also characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and contact angle measurements. It was suggested that the structure of <i>all</i>-lignin aggregates is the result of the interaction of amphiphilic water-soluble lignin molecules leading to their specifically ordered mutual arrangement depending on the order and the mode of their application on the surface. The <i>all</i>-lignin coating of cellulosic fiber imparts lower air permeability and lower free surface energy to paper, mainly due to a decrease in surface polarity, thus promoting the paper’s hydrophobic properties. Moderate loading of lignin coating formulations (5–6 g m<sup>−2</sup>) did not affect the mechanical strength of the paper. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:13:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c39b368c3beb456cae95383ea7e362cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:13:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-c39b368c3beb456cae95383ea7e362cc2023-11-24T09:00:19ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-11-011522786910.3390/ma15227869Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating FormulationsPatricia I. F. Pinto0Sandra Magina1Sara Fateixa2Paula C. R. Pinto3Falk Liebner4Dmitry V. Evtuguin5RAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501 Eixo Aveiro, PortugalCICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalRAIZ—Forest and Paper Research Institute, Quinta de S. Francisco, Apartado 15, 3801-501 Eixo Aveiro, PortugalCICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalCICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal<i>All</i>-lignin coating formulations were prepared while combining water-soluble cationic kraft lignin (quaternized LignoBoost<sup>®</sup>, CL) and anionic lignosulphonate (LS). The electrostatic attraction between positively charged CL and negatively charged LS led to the formation of insoluble self-organized macromolecule aggregates that align to films. The structures of the formed layers were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), firstly on glass lamina using dip-coating deposition and then on handsheets and industrial uncoated paper using roll-to-roll coating in a layer-by-layer mode. Coated samples were also characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), and contact angle measurements. It was suggested that the structure of <i>all</i>-lignin aggregates is the result of the interaction of amphiphilic water-soluble lignin molecules leading to their specifically ordered mutual arrangement depending on the order and the mode of their application on the surface. The <i>all</i>-lignin coating of cellulosic fiber imparts lower air permeability and lower free surface energy to paper, mainly due to a decrease in surface polarity, thus promoting the paper’s hydrophobic properties. Moderate loading of lignin coating formulations (5–6 g m<sup>−2</sup>) did not affect the mechanical strength of the paper.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/7869cationic ligninlayer-by-layer coatinglignosulfonatepaperfree surface energy |
| spellingShingle | Patricia I. F. Pinto Sandra Magina Sara Fateixa Paula C. R. Pinto Falk Liebner Dmitry V. Evtuguin Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations Materials cationic lignin layer-by-layer coating lignosulfonate paper free surface energy |
| title | Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations |
| title_full | Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations |
| title_fullStr | Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations |
| title_short | Modification of Paper Surface by <i>All</i>-Lignin Coating Formulations |
| title_sort | modification of paper surface by i all i lignin coating formulations |
| topic | cationic lignin layer-by-layer coating lignosulfonate paper free surface energy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/22/7869 |
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