Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes
Mitochondrial genomes in flowering plants differ from those in animals and yeasts in several ways, including having large and variable sizes, circular, linear and branched structures, long repeat sequences that participate in homologous recombinations, and variable genes orders, even within a specie...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/2/153 |
| _version_ | 1797407791672983552 |
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| author | Shin-ichi Arimura |
| author_facet | Shin-ichi Arimura |
| author_sort | Shin-ichi Arimura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mitochondrial genomes in flowering plants differ from those in animals and yeasts in several ways, including having large and variable sizes, circular, linear and branched structures, long repeat sequences that participate in homologous recombinations, and variable genes orders, even within a species. Understanding these differences has been hampered by a lack of genetic methods for transforming plant mitochondrial genomes. We recently succeeded in disrupting targeted genes in mitochondrial genomes by mitochondria-targeted transcription activator-like effector nucleases (mitoTALENs) in rice, rapeseed, and <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Double-strand breaks created by mitoTALENs were repaired not by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) but by homologous recombination (HR) between repeats near and far from the target sites, resulting in new genomic structures with large deletions and different configurations. On the other hand, in mammals, TALENs-induced DSBs cause small insertions or deletions in nuclear genomes and degradation of mitochondrial genomes. These results suggest that the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of plants and mammals have distinct mechanisms for responding to naturally occurring DSBs. The different responses appear to be well suited to differences in size and copy numbers of each genome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:47:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3a735ed8a404c7c94979a7e68c455af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:47:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3a735ed8a404c7c94979a7e68c455af2023-12-03T14:32:37ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252021-01-0112215310.3390/genes12020153Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial GenomesShin-ichi Arimura0Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, JapanMitochondrial genomes in flowering plants differ from those in animals and yeasts in several ways, including having large and variable sizes, circular, linear and branched structures, long repeat sequences that participate in homologous recombinations, and variable genes orders, even within a species. Understanding these differences has been hampered by a lack of genetic methods for transforming plant mitochondrial genomes. We recently succeeded in disrupting targeted genes in mitochondrial genomes by mitochondria-targeted transcription activator-like effector nucleases (mitoTALENs) in rice, rapeseed, and <i>Arabidopsis</i>. Double-strand breaks created by mitoTALENs were repaired not by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) but by homologous recombination (HR) between repeats near and far from the target sites, resulting in new genomic structures with large deletions and different configurations. On the other hand, in mammals, TALENs-induced DSBs cause small insertions or deletions in nuclear genomes and degradation of mitochondrial genomes. These results suggest that the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of plants and mammals have distinct mechanisms for responding to naturally occurring DSBs. The different responses appear to be well suited to differences in size and copy numbers of each genome.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/2/153plant mitochondrial genomemitoTALENsgenome editing |
| spellingShingle | Shin-ichi Arimura Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes Genes plant mitochondrial genome mitoTALENs genome editing |
| title | Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_full | Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_fullStr | Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_short | Effects of mitoTALENs-Directed Double-Strand Breaks on Plant Mitochondrial Genomes |
| title_sort | effects of mitotalens directed double strand breaks on plant mitochondrial genomes |
| topic | plant mitochondrial genome mitoTALENs genome editing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/2/153 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shinichiarimura effectsofmitotalensdirecteddoublestrandbreaksonplantmitochondrialgenomes |