Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity
<i>Background</i>. Despite considerable interest in the search for a spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, there is a critical need to develop a panel of diagnostic biomarkers to determine injury severity. In this regard, there is a requirement for continuing research into the fundamental pr...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/3/322 |
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| author | Sergei Ogurcov Iliya Shulman Ekaterina Garanina Davran Sabirov Irina Baichurina Maxim Kuznetcov Galina Masgutova Alexander Kostennikov Albert Rizvanov Victoria James Yana Mukhamedshina |
| author_facet | Sergei Ogurcov Iliya Shulman Ekaterina Garanina Davran Sabirov Irina Baichurina Maxim Kuznetcov Galina Masgutova Alexander Kostennikov Albert Rizvanov Victoria James Yana Mukhamedshina |
| author_sort | Sergei Ogurcov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background</i>. Despite considerable interest in the search for a spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, there is a critical need to develop a panel of diagnostic biomarkers to determine injury severity. In this regard, there is a requirement for continuing research into the fundamental processes of neuroinflammatory and autoimmune reactions in SCI, identifying changes in the expression of cytokines. <i>Methods</i>. In this pilot study, an extended multiplex analysis of the cytokine profiles in the serum of patients at 2 weeks post-SCI (<i>n</i> = 28) was carried out, together with an additional assessment of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 16 uninjured subjects were enrolled as controls. <i>Results</i>. The data obtained showed a large elevation of IFNγ (>52 fold), CCL27 (>13 fold), and CCL26 (>8 fold) 2 weeks after SCI. The levels of cytokines CXCL5, CCL11, CXCL11, IL10, TNFα, and MIF were different between patients with baseline American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades of A or B, whilst IL2 (>2 fold) and MIP-3a (>6 fold) were significantly expressed in the cervical and thoracic regions. There was a trend towards increasing levels of NSE. However, the difference in NSE was lost when the patient set was segregated based on AIS group. <i>Conclusions</i>. Our pilot research demonstrates that serum concentrations of cytokines can be used as an affordable and rapid detection tool to accurately stratify SCI severity in patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:37:07Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:37:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3acc2855a9a450aaf31f0d181e5a9482023-12-03T12:28:27ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252021-03-0111332210.3390/brainsci11030322Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury SeveritySergei Ogurcov0Iliya Shulman1Ekaterina Garanina2Davran Sabirov3Irina Baichurina4Maxim Kuznetcov5Galina Masgutova6Alexander Kostennikov7Albert Rizvanov8Victoria James9Yana Mukhamedshina10Neurosurgical Department No. 2, Republic Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, RussiaNeurosurgical Department No. 2, Republic Clinical Hospital, 420138 Kazan, RussiaClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, RussiaClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, RussiaClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, RussiaDepartment of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, 420012 Kazan, RussiaClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, RussiaClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, RussiaClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, RussiaDivision of Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKClinical Research Center for Precision and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia<i>Background</i>. Despite considerable interest in the search for a spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, there is a critical need to develop a panel of diagnostic biomarkers to determine injury severity. In this regard, there is a requirement for continuing research into the fundamental processes of neuroinflammatory and autoimmune reactions in SCI, identifying changes in the expression of cytokines. <i>Methods</i>. In this pilot study, an extended multiplex analysis of the cytokine profiles in the serum of patients at 2 weeks post-SCI (<i>n</i> = 28) was carried out, together with an additional assessment of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 16 uninjured subjects were enrolled as controls. <i>Results</i>. The data obtained showed a large elevation of IFNγ (>52 fold), CCL27 (>13 fold), and CCL26 (>8 fold) 2 weeks after SCI. The levels of cytokines CXCL5, CCL11, CXCL11, IL10, TNFα, and MIF were different between patients with baseline American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades of A or B, whilst IL2 (>2 fold) and MIP-3a (>6 fold) were significantly expressed in the cervical and thoracic regions. There was a trend towards increasing levels of NSE. However, the difference in NSE was lost when the patient set was segregated based on AIS group. <i>Conclusions</i>. Our pilot research demonstrates that serum concentrations of cytokines can be used as an affordable and rapid detection tool to accurately stratify SCI severity in patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/3/322traumatic spinal cord injurycytokine profileinflammationblood serumclinical trial |
| spellingShingle | Sergei Ogurcov Iliya Shulman Ekaterina Garanina Davran Sabirov Irina Baichurina Maxim Kuznetcov Galina Masgutova Alexander Kostennikov Albert Rizvanov Victoria James Yana Mukhamedshina Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity Brain Sciences traumatic spinal cord injury cytokine profile inflammation blood serum clinical trial |
| title | Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity |
| title_full | Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity |
| title_fullStr | Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity |
| title_short | Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity |
| title_sort | blood serum cytokines in patients with subacute spinal cord injury a pilot study to search for biomarkers of injury severity |
| topic | traumatic spinal cord injury cytokine profile inflammation blood serum clinical trial |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/11/3/322 |
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