Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability
The evaluation of strike impact is important for optimal training, conditioning and tactical use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate ground and pound strikes, in terms of net force variability, across genders and performance levels. Eighty-one participants, professional men (<i>n...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Sports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/12/205 |
| _version_ | 1827636825809747968 |
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| author | Vaclav Beranek Petr Stastny Vit Novacek Kajetan J. Słomka Dan Cleather |
| author_facet | Vaclav Beranek Petr Stastny Vit Novacek Kajetan J. Słomka Dan Cleather |
| author_sort | Vaclav Beranek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The evaluation of strike impact is important for optimal training, conditioning and tactical use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate ground and pound strikes, in terms of net force variability, across genders and performance levels. Eighty-one participants, professional men (<i>n</i> = 8, 37 ± 6 years, 195 ± 7 cm, 113 ± 27 kg), advanced men (<i>n</i> = 47, 26 ± 8 years, 180 ± 7 cm, 76 ± 11 kg), and advanced women (<i>n</i> = 26, 21 ± 1 years, 167 ± 6 cm, 61 ± 7 kg) performed three strikes from a kneeling position into a force plate on the ground. The elbow strike resulted in the highest impulse and the palm strike in the highest peak force for all three categories. These results support the recommendation that has previously been made to teach the palm strike to beginners and advanced tactical and combat athletes. The direct punch and elbow strike net force were characterized by a double peak curve, where the first peak variability explained 70.2–84% of the net force. The second peak was pronounced in professional men during elbow strikes, which explained 16% of net force variability. The strike type determines the impact net force and its characteristics, where palm strike is typical by highest peak impact tolerance and elbow strike by double force peak with high net force impulse. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:50:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3bd565707604c0fbca5b5f4d109788d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:50:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3bd565707604c0fbca5b5f4d109788d2023-11-24T18:04:14ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632022-12-01101220510.3390/sports10120205Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force VariabilityVaclav Beranek0Petr Stastny1Vit Novacek2Kajetan J. Słomka3Dan Cleather4Department of Rehabilitation Fields, Faculty of Health Care Studies, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech RepublicDepartment of Sport Games, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech RepublicBiomechanical Human Body Models, New Technologies—Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, 30100 Pilsen, Czech RepublicDepartment of Motor Behavior, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-002 Katowice, PolandFaculty of Sport, Applied Health and Performance Sciences, St. Mary’s University, Waldegrave Road, London TW1 4SX, UKThe evaluation of strike impact is important for optimal training, conditioning and tactical use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate ground and pound strikes, in terms of net force variability, across genders and performance levels. Eighty-one participants, professional men (<i>n</i> = 8, 37 ± 6 years, 195 ± 7 cm, 113 ± 27 kg), advanced men (<i>n</i> = 47, 26 ± 8 years, 180 ± 7 cm, 76 ± 11 kg), and advanced women (<i>n</i> = 26, 21 ± 1 years, 167 ± 6 cm, 61 ± 7 kg) performed three strikes from a kneeling position into a force plate on the ground. The elbow strike resulted in the highest impulse and the palm strike in the highest peak force for all three categories. These results support the recommendation that has previously been made to teach the palm strike to beginners and advanced tactical and combat athletes. The direct punch and elbow strike net force were characterized by a double peak curve, where the first peak variability explained 70.2–84% of the net force. The second peak was pronounced in professional men during elbow strikes, which explained 16% of net force variability. The strike type determines the impact net force and its characteristics, where palm strike is typical by highest peak impact tolerance and elbow strike by double force peak with high net force impulse.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/12/205direct punchelbow strikepalm strikeself-defencemix martial art |
| spellingShingle | Vaclav Beranek Petr Stastny Vit Novacek Kajetan J. Słomka Dan Cleather Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability Sports direct punch elbow strike palm strike self-defence mix martial art |
| title | Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability |
| title_full | Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability |
| title_fullStr | Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability |
| title_short | Performance Level and Strike Type during Ground and Pound Determine Impact Characteristics and Net Force Variability |
| title_sort | performance level and strike type during ground and pound determine impact characteristics and net force variability |
| topic | direct punch elbow strike palm strike self-defence mix martial art |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/10/12/205 |
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