Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjuvant neuromodulation therapy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. However, the mechanisms behind its effectiveness are not fully understood. Our aim was to develop a VNS protocol for the Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal) in orde...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Jaime Gonçalves-Sánchez Consuelo Sancho Dolores E. López Orlando Castellano Begoña García-Cenador Gabriel Servilha-Menezes Juan M. Corchado Norberto García-Cairasco Jesús M. Gonçalves-Estella |
| author_facet | Jaime Gonçalves-Sánchez Consuelo Sancho Dolores E. López Orlando Castellano Begoña García-Cenador Gabriel Servilha-Menezes Juan M. Corchado Norberto García-Cairasco Jesús M. Gonçalves-Estella |
| author_sort | Jaime Gonçalves-Sánchez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjuvant neuromodulation therapy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. However, the mechanisms behind its effectiveness are not fully understood. Our aim was to develop a VNS protocol for the Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal) in order to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the therapy. The rodents were subject to VNS for 14 days using clinical stimulation parameters by implanting a clinically available neurostimulation device or our own prototype for laboratory animals. The neuroethological assessment of seizures and general behavior were performed before surgery, and after 7, 10, and 14 days of VNS. Moreover, potential side effects were examined. Finally, the expression of 23 inflammatory markers in plasma and the left-brain hemisphere was evaluated. VNS significantly reduced seizure severity in GASH/Sal without side effects. No differences were observed between the neurostimulation devices. GASH/Sal treated with VNS showed statistically significant reduced levels of interleukin IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3), and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α in the brain. The described experimental design allows for the study of VNS effects and mechanisms of action using an implantable device. This was achieved in a model of convulsive seizures in which VNS is effective and shows an anti-inflammatory effect. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:06:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3c25ecfe0cd4a8bacbef5d8d9b3d9972024-01-10T14:58:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-012519110.3390/ijms25010091Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone HamsterJaime Gonçalves-Sánchez0Consuelo Sancho1Dolores E. López2Orlando Castellano3Begoña García-Cenador4Gabriel Servilha-Menezes5Juan M. Corchado6Norberto García-Cairasco7Jesús M. Gonçalves-Estella8Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainInstitute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Cellular Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Cellular Biology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, SpainInstitute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, BrazilInstitute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, BrazilInstitute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, SpainVagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjuvant neuromodulation therapy for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. However, the mechanisms behind its effectiveness are not fully understood. Our aim was to develop a VNS protocol for the Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal) in order to evaluate the mechanisms of action of the therapy. The rodents were subject to VNS for 14 days using clinical stimulation parameters by implanting a clinically available neurostimulation device or our own prototype for laboratory animals. The neuroethological assessment of seizures and general behavior were performed before surgery, and after 7, 10, and 14 days of VNS. Moreover, potential side effects were examined. Finally, the expression of 23 inflammatory markers in plasma and the left-brain hemisphere was evaluated. VNS significantly reduced seizure severity in GASH/Sal without side effects. No differences were observed between the neurostimulation devices. GASH/Sal treated with VNS showed statistically significant reduced levels of interleukin IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3), and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α in the brain. The described experimental design allows for the study of VNS effects and mechanisms of action using an implantable device. This was achieved in a model of convulsive seizures in which VNS is effective and shows an anti-inflammatory effect.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/91animal models of epilepsyaudiogenic epilepsyexperimental surgeryvagus nerve stimulation |
| spellingShingle | Jaime Gonçalves-Sánchez Consuelo Sancho Dolores E. López Orlando Castellano Begoña García-Cenador Gabriel Servilha-Menezes Juan M. Corchado Norberto García-Cairasco Jesús M. Gonçalves-Estella Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster International Journal of Molecular Sciences animal models of epilepsy audiogenic epilepsy experimental surgery vagus nerve stimulation |
| title | Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster |
| title_full | Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster |
| title_short | Effect of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the GASH/Sal Audiogenic-Seizure-Prone Hamster |
| title_sort | effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the gash sal audiogenic seizure prone hamster |
| topic | animal models of epilepsy audiogenic epilepsy experimental surgery vagus nerve stimulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/91 |
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