Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions?
The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, is an insect pest of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. Citrus mealybug causes plant damage when feeding on plant leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, resulting in a substantial economic loss. Insecticides are applied to manage citrus mealybug populations in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS)
2023-09-01
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| Series: | HortScience |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/58/10/article-p1225.xml |
| _version_ | 1827783709355409408 |
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| author | Raymond A. Cloyd Nathan J. Herrick |
| author_facet | Raymond A. Cloyd Nathan J. Herrick |
| author_sort | Raymond A. Cloyd |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, is an insect pest of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. Citrus mealybug causes plant damage when feeding on plant leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, resulting in a substantial economic loss. Insecticides are applied to manage citrus mealybug populations in greenhouse production systems. Anecdotal information suggests that mixing entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides with insect growth regulators may be effective for managing citrus mealybug populations under greenhouse conditions. Consequently, we conducted two experiments in a research greenhouse at Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS, USA) in 2023. The experiments were designed to determine the efficacy of three commercially available entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides [Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA (BotaniGard®), B. bassiana strain PPRI 5339 (Velifer™) and Isaria fumosorosea Apopka Strain 97 (Ancora®)] when mixed with three insect growth regulators [azadirachtin (Azatin® O), novaluron (Pedestal®), and pyriproxyfen (Distance®)] on citrus mealybug feeding on coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, plants. The entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides alone or when mixed with the insect growth regulators were not effective in managing citrus mealybug populations, with <20% mortality during each experiment. In addition, all coleus plants treated with the entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides had a white, powdery residue on the leaves. Our study demonstrates that entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides, even when mixed with insect growth regulators, are not effective in managing citrus mealybug populations in greenhouses, which is likely because the environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) are not optimal for conidial germination and hyphal infection to occur. Therefore, entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides have limited use for managing insect pests in greenhouse production systems.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:53:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3ca28330e3f4da09676bd5c82f7e5f6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2327-9834 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T15:53:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | HortScience |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3ca28330e3f4da09676bd5c82f7e5f62023-10-25T16:30:25ZengAmerican Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS)HortScience2327-98342023-09-015810https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17291-23Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions?Raymond A. Cloyd 0Nathan J. Herrick 1Department of Entomology, Kansas State UniversityDepartment of Entomology, Kansas State UniversityThe citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, is an insect pest of greenhouse-grown horticultural crops. Citrus mealybug causes plant damage when feeding on plant leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits, resulting in a substantial economic loss. Insecticides are applied to manage citrus mealybug populations in greenhouse production systems. Anecdotal information suggests that mixing entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides with insect growth regulators may be effective for managing citrus mealybug populations under greenhouse conditions. Consequently, we conducted two experiments in a research greenhouse at Kansas State University (Manhattan, KS, USA) in 2023. The experiments were designed to determine the efficacy of three commercially available entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides [Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA (BotaniGard®), B. bassiana strain PPRI 5339 (Velifer™) and Isaria fumosorosea Apopka Strain 97 (Ancora®)] when mixed with three insect growth regulators [azadirachtin (Azatin® O), novaluron (Pedestal®), and pyriproxyfen (Distance®)] on citrus mealybug feeding on coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, plants. The entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides alone or when mixed with the insect growth regulators were not effective in managing citrus mealybug populations, with <20% mortality during each experiment. In addition, all coleus plants treated with the entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides had a white, powdery residue on the leaves. Our study demonstrates that entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides, even when mixed with insect growth regulators, are not effective in managing citrus mealybug populations in greenhouses, which is likely because the environmental conditions (temperature and relative humidity) are not optimal for conidial germination and hyphal infection to occur. Therefore, entomopathogenic fungal-based insecticides have limited use for managing insect pests in greenhouse production systems. https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/58/10/article-p1225.xmlazadirachtinbeauveria bassianaisaria fumosoroseanovaluronpyriproxyfen |
| spellingShingle | Raymond A. Cloyd Nathan J. Herrick Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions? HortScience azadirachtin beauveria bassiana isaria fumosorosea novaluron pyriproxyfen |
| title | Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions? |
| title_full | Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions? |
| title_fullStr | Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions? |
| title_short | Are Entomopathogenic Fungal-based Insecticides and Insect Growth Regulator Mixtures Effective Against the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), Feeding on Coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides, Plants under Greenhouse Conditions? |
| title_sort | are entomopathogenic fungal based insecticides and insect growth regulator mixtures effective against the citrus mealybug planococcus citri hemiptera pseudococcidae feeding on coleus solenostemon scutellarioides plants under greenhouse conditions |
| topic | azadirachtin beauveria bassiana isaria fumosorosea novaluron pyriproxyfen |
| url | https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/view/journals/hortsci/58/10/article-p1225.xml |
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