Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice
Rice plants contain high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), but some of their functions remain elusive. To elucidate the importance of SA homeostasis in rice immunity, we characterized four rice SA hydroxylase genes (<i>OsSAHs</i>) and verified their roles in SA metabolism and disease...
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1354 |
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| author | Bingbing Liang Han Wang Ce Yang Luyao Wang Linlu Qi Zejian Guo Xujun Chen |
| author_facet | Bingbing Liang Han Wang Ce Yang Luyao Wang Linlu Qi Zejian Guo Xujun Chen |
| author_sort | Bingbing Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice plants contain high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), but some of their functions remain elusive. To elucidate the importance of SA homeostasis in rice immunity, we characterized four rice SA hydroxylase genes (<i>OsSAHs</i>) and verified their roles in SA metabolism and disease resistance. Recombinant OsSAH proteins catalyzed SA in vitro, while OsSAH3 protein showed only SA 5-hydroxylase (SA5H) activity, which was remarkably higher than that of other OsSAHs that presented both SA3H and SA5H activities. Amino acid substitutions revealed that three amino acids in the binding pocket affected SAH enzyme activity and/or specificity. Knockout <i>OsSAH</i><i>2</i> and <i>OsSAH3</i> (<i>sah</i>KO) genes conferred enhanced resistance to both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, whereas overexpression of each <i>OsSAH</i> gene increased susceptibility to the pathogens. <i>sah</i>KO mutants showed increased SA and jasmonate levels compared to those of the wild type and <i>OsSAH</i>-overexpressing plants. Analysis of the <i>OsSAH3</i> promoter indicated that its induction was mainly restricted around <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> infection sites. Taken together, our findings indicate that SA plays a vital role in immune signaling. Moreover, fine-tuning SA homeostasis through suppression of SA metabolism is an effective approach in studying broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3d88618e37e40278f4f9268820b4a7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3d88618e37e40278f4f9268820b4a7f2023-11-23T16:39:04ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-01-01233135410.3390/ijms23031354Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in RiceBingbing Liang0Han Wang1Ce Yang2Luyao Wang3Linlu Qi4Zejian Guo5Xujun Chen6Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaKey Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaRice plants contain high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), but some of their functions remain elusive. To elucidate the importance of SA homeostasis in rice immunity, we characterized four rice SA hydroxylase genes (<i>OsSAHs</i>) and verified their roles in SA metabolism and disease resistance. Recombinant OsSAH proteins catalyzed SA in vitro, while OsSAH3 protein showed only SA 5-hydroxylase (SA5H) activity, which was remarkably higher than that of other OsSAHs that presented both SA3H and SA5H activities. Amino acid substitutions revealed that three amino acids in the binding pocket affected SAH enzyme activity and/or specificity. Knockout <i>OsSAH</i><i>2</i> and <i>OsSAH3</i> (<i>sah</i>KO) genes conferred enhanced resistance to both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, whereas overexpression of each <i>OsSAH</i> gene increased susceptibility to the pathogens. <i>sah</i>KO mutants showed increased SA and jasmonate levels compared to those of the wild type and <i>OsSAH</i>-overexpressing plants. Analysis of the <i>OsSAH3</i> promoter indicated that its induction was mainly restricted around <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> infection sites. Taken together, our findings indicate that SA plays a vital role in immune signaling. Moreover, fine-tuning SA homeostasis through suppression of SA metabolism is an effective approach in studying broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1354immunitydioxygenasehydroxylationjasmonic acid<i>Oryza sativa</i>salicylic acid |
| spellingShingle | Bingbing Liang Han Wang Ce Yang Luyao Wang Linlu Qi Zejian Guo Xujun Chen Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice International Journal of Molecular Sciences immunity dioxygenase hydroxylation jasmonic acid <i>Oryza sativa</i> salicylic acid |
| title | Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice |
| title_full | Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice |
| title_fullStr | Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice |
| title_short | Salicylic Acid Is Required for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance in Rice |
| title_sort | salicylic acid is required for broad spectrum disease resistance in rice |
| topic | immunity dioxygenase hydroxylation jasmonic acid <i>Oryza sativa</i> salicylic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1354 |
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