Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe
Abstract Worldwide bees provide an important ecosystem service of plant pollination. Climate change and land‐use changes are among drivers threatening bee survival with mounting evidence of species decline and extinction. In developing countries, rural areas constitute a significant proportion of th...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7492 |
| _version_ | 1818443736664768512 |
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| author | Gugulethu Tarakini Abel Chemura Tawanda Tarakini Robert Musundire |
| author_facet | Gugulethu Tarakini Abel Chemura Tawanda Tarakini Robert Musundire |
| author_sort | Gugulethu Tarakini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Worldwide bees provide an important ecosystem service of plant pollination. Climate change and land‐use changes are among drivers threatening bee survival with mounting evidence of species decline and extinction. In developing countries, rural areas constitute a significant proportion of the country's land, but information is lacking on how different habitat types and weather patterns in these areas influence bee populations. This study investigated how weather variables and habitat‐related factors influence the abundance, diversity, and distribution of bees across seasons in a farming rural area of Zimbabwe. Bees were systematically sampled in five habitat types (natural woodlots, pastures, homesteads, fields, and gardens) recording ground cover, grass height, flower abundance and types, tree abundance and recorded elevation, temperature, light intensity, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity. Zero‐inflated models, censored regression models, and PCAs were used to understand the influence of explanatory variables on bee community composition, abundance, and diversity. Bee abundance was positively influenced by the number of plant species in flower (p < .0001). Bee abundance increased with increasing temperatures up to 28.5°C, but beyond this, temperature was negatively associated with bee abundance. Increasing wind speeds marginally decreased probability of finding bees. Bee diversity was highest in fields, homesteads, and natural woodlots compared with other habitats, and the contributions of the genus Apis were disproportionately high across all habitats. The genus Megachile was mostly associated with homesteads, while Nomia was associated with grasslands. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that some bee species could become more proliferous in certain habitats, thus compromising diversity and consequently ecosystem services. These results highlight the importance of setting aside bee‐friendly habitats that can be refuge sites for species susceptible to land‐use changes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:04:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3d8ecd5575e45a99419ce96ef1d0fa9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T19:04:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3d8ecd5575e45a99419ce96ef1d0fa92022-12-21T22:50:53ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582021-06-0111116415642610.1002/ece3.7492Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of ZimbabweGugulethu Tarakini0Abel Chemura1Tawanda Tarakini2Robert Musundire3Department of Crop science and Post‐Harvest Technology Chinhoyi University of Technology Chinhoyi ZimbabweDepartment of Environmental Science & Technology Chinhoyi University of Technology Chinhoyi ZimbabweDepartment of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Chinhoyi University of Technology Chinhoyi ZimbabweDepartment of Crop science and Post‐Harvest Technology Chinhoyi University of Technology Chinhoyi ZimbabweAbstract Worldwide bees provide an important ecosystem service of plant pollination. Climate change and land‐use changes are among drivers threatening bee survival with mounting evidence of species decline and extinction. In developing countries, rural areas constitute a significant proportion of the country's land, but information is lacking on how different habitat types and weather patterns in these areas influence bee populations. This study investigated how weather variables and habitat‐related factors influence the abundance, diversity, and distribution of bees across seasons in a farming rural area of Zimbabwe. Bees were systematically sampled in five habitat types (natural woodlots, pastures, homesteads, fields, and gardens) recording ground cover, grass height, flower abundance and types, tree abundance and recorded elevation, temperature, light intensity, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity. Zero‐inflated models, censored regression models, and PCAs were used to understand the influence of explanatory variables on bee community composition, abundance, and diversity. Bee abundance was positively influenced by the number of plant species in flower (p < .0001). Bee abundance increased with increasing temperatures up to 28.5°C, but beyond this, temperature was negatively associated with bee abundance. Increasing wind speeds marginally decreased probability of finding bees. Bee diversity was highest in fields, homesteads, and natural woodlots compared with other habitats, and the contributions of the genus Apis were disproportionately high across all habitats. The genus Megachile was mostly associated with homesteads, while Nomia was associated with grasslands. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that some bee species could become more proliferous in certain habitats, thus compromising diversity and consequently ecosystem services. These results highlight the importance of setting aside bee‐friendly habitats that can be refuge sites for species susceptible to land‐use changes.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7492beesdiversityforageland usepollinator conservationweather |
| spellingShingle | Gugulethu Tarakini Abel Chemura Tawanda Tarakini Robert Musundire Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe Ecology and Evolution bees diversity forage land use pollinator conservation weather |
| title | Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe |
| title_full | Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe |
| title_fullStr | Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe |
| title_short | Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe |
| title_sort | drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of zimbabwe |
| topic | bees diversity forage land use pollinator conservation weather |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7492 |
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