Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/10/2461 |
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| author | Sadegh Rajabi Catherine Alix-Panabières Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei Raziyeh Abooshahab Heewa Shakib Mohammad Reza Ashrafi |
| author_facet | Sadegh Rajabi Catherine Alix-Panabières Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei Raziyeh Abooshahab Heewa Shakib Mohammad Reza Ashrafi |
| author_sort | Sadegh Rajabi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:12:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3f348f7ed3e4998bd9dddaf88fbeb9f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:12:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3f348f7ed3e4998bd9dddaf88fbeb9f2023-11-23T10:23:30ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-05-011410246110.3390/cancers14102461Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of ViewSadegh Rajabi0Catherine Alix-Panabières1Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei2Raziyeh Abooshahab3Heewa Shakib4Mohammad Reza Ashrafi5Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, IranLaboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, FranceDepartment of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, IranCurtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, AustraliaCellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, IranDepartment of Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, IranThyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/10/2461thyroid cancertumor-suppressor geneinactivationmutationgene therapy |
| spellingShingle | Sadegh Rajabi Catherine Alix-Panabières Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei Raziyeh Abooshahab Heewa Shakib Mohammad Reza Ashrafi Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View Cancers thyroid cancer tumor-suppressor gene inactivation mutation gene therapy |
| title | Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View |
| title_full | Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View |
| title_fullStr | Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View |
| title_full_unstemmed | Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View |
| title_short | Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View |
| title_sort | looking at thyroid cancer from the tumor suppressor genes point of view |
| topic | thyroid cancer tumor-suppressor gene inactivation mutation gene therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/10/2461 |
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