Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i>
Plants are the everlasting source of a wide spectrum of specialized metabolites, characterized by wide variability in term of chemical structures and different biological properties such antiviral activity. In the search for novel antiviral agents against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1)...
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4777 |
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| author | Francesca Guzzo Rosita Russo Cinzia Sanna Odeta Celaj Alessia Caredda Angela Corona Enzo Tramontano Antonio Fiorentino Francesca Esposito Brigida D’Abrosca |
| author_facet | Francesca Guzzo Rosita Russo Cinzia Sanna Odeta Celaj Alessia Caredda Angela Corona Enzo Tramontano Antonio Fiorentino Francesca Esposito Brigida D’Abrosca |
| author_sort | Francesca Guzzo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Plants are the everlasting source of a wide spectrum of specialized metabolites, characterized by wide variability in term of chemical structures and different biological properties such antiviral activity. In the search for novel antiviral agents against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) from plants, the phytochemical investigation of <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> L. led us to isolate and characterize four flavonols glycosides along with nine iridoid glycosides, two of them, <b>5</b> and <b>13</b>, described for the first time. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the contents of a methanol extract of <i>S. trifoliata</i> leaves, in order to explore the potential antiviral activity against HIV-1. The antiviral activity was evaluated in biochemical assays for the inhibition of HIV-1Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity and HIV-1 Integrase (IN). Three isolated flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-7-<i>O</i>-rhamnosyl-3-<i>O</i>-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-glucopyranoside, <b>8</b>–<b>10</b>, inhibited specifically the HIV-1 IN activity at submicromolar concentration, with the latter being the most potent, showing an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 24 nM. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c3fc1bb444104540bba8940374a57cdc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:33:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-c3fc1bb444104540bba8940374a57cdc2023-11-22T08:51:43ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-08-012616477710.3390/molecules26164777Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i>Francesca Guzzo0Rosita Russo1Cinzia Sanna2Odeta Celaj3Alessia Caredda4Angela Corona5Enzo Tramontano6Antonio Fiorentino7Francesca Esposito8Brigida D’Abrosca9Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Sant’Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyDepartment of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, ss554, km 4500, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, DiSTABiF University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, ItalyPlants are the everlasting source of a wide spectrum of specialized metabolites, characterized by wide variability in term of chemical structures and different biological properties such antiviral activity. In the search for novel antiviral agents against Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) from plants, the phytochemical investigation of <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> L. led us to isolate and characterize four flavonols glycosides along with nine iridoid glycosides, two of them, <b>5</b> and <b>13</b>, described for the first time. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the contents of a methanol extract of <i>S. trifoliata</i> leaves, in order to explore the potential antiviral activity against HIV-1. The antiviral activity was evaluated in biochemical assays for the inhibition of HIV-1Reverse Transcriptase (RT)-associated Ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity and HIV-1 Integrase (IN). Three isolated flavonoids, rutin, kaempferol-7-<i>O</i>-rhamnosyl-3-<i>O</i>-glucopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-<i>O</i>-glucopyranoside, <b>8</b>–<b>10</b>, inhibited specifically the HIV-1 IN activity at submicromolar concentration, with the latter being the most potent, showing an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 24 nM.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4777<i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i>iridoidsflavonoidsNMRstructural characterizationHIV-1 integrase |
| spellingShingle | Francesca Guzzo Rosita Russo Cinzia Sanna Odeta Celaj Alessia Caredda Angela Corona Enzo Tramontano Antonio Fiorentino Francesca Esposito Brigida D’Abrosca Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> Molecules <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> iridoids flavonoids NMR structural characterization HIV-1 integrase |
| title | Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> |
| title_full | Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> |
| title_short | Chemical Characterization and Anti-HIV-1 Activity Assessment of Iridoids and Flavonols from <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> |
| title_sort | chemical characterization and anti hiv 1 activity assessment of iridoids and flavonols from i scrophularia trifoliata i |
| topic | <i>Scrophularia trifoliata</i> iridoids flavonoids NMR structural characterization HIV-1 integrase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/16/4777 |
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