| Summary: | Oral microbes are intimately associated with many oral and systemic diseases. Ongoing research is seeking to elucidate drugs that prevent and treat microbial diseases. Various functions of <i>Alpinia Katsumadai</i> seed extracts have been reported such as their anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-puritic, anti-emetic, and cytoprotective effects. Here, we investigated the anti-periodontitis effect of an ethanol extract of <i>Alpinia Katsumadai</i> seeds (EEAKSs) on dental plaque bacteria (DPB)-induced inflammation and bone resorption. DPB and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (<i>P. gingivalis</i>) were cultured and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted. Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> (PGE<sub>2</sub>) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) levels were estimated using ELISA. Cytotoxicity was also verified. Proteases were screened using a protease antibody array method. Osteoclastic bone resorption was also investigated. EEAKSs suppressed <i>P. gingivalis</i> growth on agar plates. LPS prepared from dental plaque bacteria (DPB-LPS) and <i>P. gingivalis</i> (PG-LPS) significantly increased PGE<sub>2</sub> and COX2 levels in immortalized gingival fibroblasts (IGFs), immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOKs), and RAW264.7 macrophage cells. However, DPB-LPS and PG-LPS-induced PGE<sub>2</sub> and COX-2 increases were effectively abolished by EEAKS treatment at non-cytotoxic concentrations. In the protease antibody array, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, kallikrein 10, cathepsin D, and cathepsin V levels were increased by PG-LPS stimulation. However, increases in protease levels except for cathepsin D were suppressed by EEAKS treatment. In addition, RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation was significantly inhibited by EEAKS treatment, leading to reductions in resorption pit formation. These results suggest that EEAKSs exerted a beneficial oral health effect to help prevent DPB-mediated periodontal disease.
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