Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments
Abstract The economic yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has a wide range in different parts of the world, and it is not clear why this considerable difference exists. In this research saffron yield and yield components of 13 fields with varied geographic and climatic conditions were studied to de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20418 |
| _version_ | 1797685323219599360 |
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| author | Hadi Pirasteh‐Anosheh Mohammad Javad Babaie‐Zarch Mohammadebrahim Nasrabadi Amir Parnian Seid Mohammad Alavi‐Siney Hossein Beyrami Hamed Kaveh Seyed Elahe Hashemi Urs Durrer Karl McDonald Marco Race |
| author_facet | Hadi Pirasteh‐Anosheh Mohammad Javad Babaie‐Zarch Mohammadebrahim Nasrabadi Amir Parnian Seid Mohammad Alavi‐Siney Hossein Beyrami Hamed Kaveh Seyed Elahe Hashemi Urs Durrer Karl McDonald Marco Race |
| author_sort | Hadi Pirasteh‐Anosheh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The economic yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has a wide range in different parts of the world, and it is not clear why this considerable difference exists. In this research saffron yield and yield components of 13 fields with varied geographic and climatic conditions were studied to determine which factor(s) are more important. Among the studied factors, temperature, field age, soil texture, bulk density, soil and water pH, irrigation events, and growth period had the greatest effect on saffron yield. The highest dry stigma weight, as economic yield, was obtained in three regions of Birjand (27 kg ha−1), Sarayan (24 kg ha−1), and Golshan (23.5 kg ha−1), followed by Neyshabur (18 kg ha−1) and Kashmar (17.5 kg ha−1), which had lower temperatures, coarse soil, balanced soil, and water pH, and longer growth periods. The average yields were increased until the sixth or seventh year (20.8 kg ha−1) and then decreased, however, it seems to be economic before the 10th year. Lower temperatures in early fall were important to stimulate flowering and increase yield in that year, and warm and sunny days in the spring are important for next year yields. We found that the optimal temperature for the first irrigation is ∼16°C and for flowering is ∼5°C–10°C. High‐yield fields did not have higher irrigation water volumes but more irrigation events (6.3), resulting in less water volume per irrigation. No direct relationship was observed between manure consumption and yield; however, processed manure increases yield by improving the soil structure and moisture retention ability. Fields with a complete chemical fertilizer composition had higher yields. It was concluded higher yields are achieved in saffron fields where regions are higher in altitude (at least 1300 m) and lower temperature in early autumn with complete fertilizer composition (especially sulfur and iron). There was no evidence of high salinity sensitivity of saffron. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:42:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4001c5314a043f7a4aece4d107f2b73 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2639-6696 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:42:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4001c5314a043f7a4aece4d107f2b732023-09-15T04:28:42ZengWileyAgrosystems, Geosciences & Environment2639-66962023-09-0163n/an/a10.1002/agg2.20418Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environmentsHadi Pirasteh‐Anosheh0Mohammad Javad Babaie‐Zarch1Mohammadebrahim Nasrabadi2Amir Parnian3Seid Mohammad Alavi‐Siney4Hossein Beyrami5Hamed Kaveh6Seyed Elahe Hashemi7Urs Durrer8Karl McDonald9Marco Race10National Salinity Research Center, Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)YazdIranNational Salinity Research Center, Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)YazdIranAgriculture and Livestock Binalood CompanyNeyshaburIranNational Salinity Research Center, Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)YazdIranCrop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Southern Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education CenterAgricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)JiroftIranNational Salinity Research Center, Agricultural ResearchEducation and Extension Organization (AREEO)YazdIranDepartment of Plant ProductionUniversity of Torbat HeydariehTorbat HeydariehIranDepartment of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of AgricultureVali‐e‐Asr University of RafsanjanRafsanjanIranSafranereiSchwyzSwitzerlandMeraki MeadowsLynn CountyTexasUSADepartment of Civil and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Cassino and Southern LazioCassinoItalyAbstract The economic yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) has a wide range in different parts of the world, and it is not clear why this considerable difference exists. In this research saffron yield and yield components of 13 fields with varied geographic and climatic conditions were studied to determine which factor(s) are more important. Among the studied factors, temperature, field age, soil texture, bulk density, soil and water pH, irrigation events, and growth period had the greatest effect on saffron yield. The highest dry stigma weight, as economic yield, was obtained in three regions of Birjand (27 kg ha−1), Sarayan (24 kg ha−1), and Golshan (23.5 kg ha−1), followed by Neyshabur (18 kg ha−1) and Kashmar (17.5 kg ha−1), which had lower temperatures, coarse soil, balanced soil, and water pH, and longer growth periods. The average yields were increased until the sixth or seventh year (20.8 kg ha−1) and then decreased, however, it seems to be economic before the 10th year. Lower temperatures in early fall were important to stimulate flowering and increase yield in that year, and warm and sunny days in the spring are important for next year yields. We found that the optimal temperature for the first irrigation is ∼16°C and for flowering is ∼5°C–10°C. High‐yield fields did not have higher irrigation water volumes but more irrigation events (6.3), resulting in less water volume per irrigation. No direct relationship was observed between manure consumption and yield; however, processed manure increases yield by improving the soil structure and moisture retention ability. Fields with a complete chemical fertilizer composition had higher yields. It was concluded higher yields are achieved in saffron fields where regions are higher in altitude (at least 1300 m) and lower temperature in early autumn with complete fertilizer composition (especially sulfur and iron). There was no evidence of high salinity sensitivity of saffron.https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20418 |
| spellingShingle | Hadi Pirasteh‐Anosheh Mohammad Javad Babaie‐Zarch Mohammadebrahim Nasrabadi Amir Parnian Seid Mohammad Alavi‐Siney Hossein Beyrami Hamed Kaveh Seyed Elahe Hashemi Urs Durrer Karl McDonald Marco Race Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment |
| title | Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments |
| title_full | Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments |
| title_fullStr | Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments |
| title_short | Climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments |
| title_sort | climate and management factors influence saffron yield in different environments |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20418 |
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