Stable Up-Down Quark Matter Nuggets, Quark Star Crusts, and a New Family of White Dwarfs

The possible existence of stable up-down quark matter (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lang Wang, Jian Hu, Cheng-Jun Xia, Jian-Feng Xu, Guang-Xiong Peng, Ren-Xin Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-09-01
Series:Galaxies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4434/9/4/70
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Summary:The possible existence of stable up-down quark matter (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>QM) was recently proposed, and it was shown that the properties of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>QM stars are consistent with various pulsar observations. In this work we investigate the stability of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>QM nuggets and found at certain size those objects are more stable than others if a large symmetry energy and a small surface tension were adopted. In such cases, a crust made of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>QM nuggets exists in quark stars. A new family of white dwarfs comprised entirely of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>QM nuggets and electrons were also obtained, where the maximum mass approaches to the Chandrasekhar limit.
ISSN:2075-4434