All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution
The 2001 Leonid meteor storm has been observed all over the world, and its most intense flux since the last few decades has caused great interest among both laymen and experts. Especially, its maximum hours occurred at dawn hours of Nov. 19 in the east Asia, during which moonless clear night at the...
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The Korean Space Science Society
2003-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences |
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| Online Access: | http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kosss/OJOOBS/2003/v20n4/OJOOBS_2003_v20n4_283.pdf |
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| author | Jeong Han Kim Jong-Kyun Chung Yong Ha Kim Young-In Won Moo-Young Chun Hong-Suh Yim |
| author_facet | Jeong Han Kim Jong-Kyun Chung Yong Ha Kim Young-In Won Moo-Young Chun Hong-Suh Yim |
| author_sort | Jeong Han Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The 2001 Leonid meteor storm has been observed all over the world, and its most intense flux since the last few decades has caused great interest among both laymen and experts. Especially, its maximum hours occurred at dawn hours of Nov. 19 in the east Asia, during which moonless clear night at the Mt. Bohyun allowed us near perfect condition of observation. Observation was carried out in the period of 01:00 ˜ 05:40(KST), which include the predicted maximum hours, with all-sky camera installed for upper atmospheric airglow research. In this paper we analyze 68 all-sky images obtained in this period, which contain records of 172 meteors. Utilizing the zenith hourly rate(ZHR) of 3000 and magnitude distribution index of 2, which were reported to International Meteor Organization by visible observers in the east Asia, we estimate the limiting magnitude of about 3 for meteors detected in our all-sky images. We then derive magnitudes of 83 meteors with clear pixel brightness outlines among the initially detected 172 meteors by comparing with neighbor standard stars. Angular velocities of meteors needed for computing their passing times over an all-sky image are expressed with a simple formula of an angle between a meteor head and the Leonid radiant point. The derived magnitudes of 83 meteors are in the range of -6 ˜ -1 magnitude, and its distribution shows a maximum near --3 mag. The derived magnitudes are much smaller than the limiting magnitude inferred from the comparison with the result of naked-eye observations. The difference may be due to the characteristic difference between nearly instantaneuous naked-eye observations and CCD observations with a long exposure. We redetermine magnitudes of the meteors by adjusting a meteor lasting time to be consistent with the naked-eye observations. The relative distribution of the redetermined magnitudes, which has a maximum at 0 mag., resembles that of the magnitudes determined with the in-principle method. The relative distribution is quite different from ones that decrease monotonically with decreasing magnitudes for meteors(1 ˜ 6) sensitive to naked-eye observations. We conclude from the magnitude distribution of our all-sky observation that meteors brighter than about 0 mag., appeared more frequently during the 2001 Leonid maximum hours. The frequent appearance of bright meteors has significantly important implication for meteor research. We noted, however, considerably large uncertainties in magnitudes determined only by comparing standard stars due to the unknown lasting time of meteors and the non-linear sensitivity of all-sky camera. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T07:27:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c418ca00237c4d1d9675d7b9d9bea4cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-5587 2093-1409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T07:27:30Z |
| publishDate | 2003-12-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Space Science Society |
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| spelling | doaj.art-c418ca00237c4d1d9675d7b9d9bea4cb2024-02-02T21:28:06ZengThe Korean Space Science SocietyJournal of Astronomy and Space Sciences2093-55872093-14092003-12-0120428329810.5140/JASS.2003.20.4.283All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude DistributionJeong Han Kim0Jong-Kyun Chung1Yong Ha Kim2Young-In Won3Moo-Young Chun4Hong-Suh Yim5Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-335, KoreaDepartment of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-335, KoreaDepartment of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-335, KoreaPolar Sciences Laboratory, Korea Ocean R&D Institute, Ansan, Gyeongki 426-744, KoreaKorea Astronomy Observatory, 61-1 Hwaam, Yusung, Daejeon 305-348, KoreaKorea Astronomy Observatory, 61-1 Hwaam, Yusung, Daejeon 305-348, KoreaThe 2001 Leonid meteor storm has been observed all over the world, and its most intense flux since the last few decades has caused great interest among both laymen and experts. Especially, its maximum hours occurred at dawn hours of Nov. 19 in the east Asia, during which moonless clear night at the Mt. Bohyun allowed us near perfect condition of observation. Observation was carried out in the period of 01:00 ˜ 05:40(KST), which include the predicted maximum hours, with all-sky camera installed for upper atmospheric airglow research. In this paper we analyze 68 all-sky images obtained in this period, which contain records of 172 meteors. Utilizing the zenith hourly rate(ZHR) of 3000 and magnitude distribution index of 2, which were reported to International Meteor Organization by visible observers in the east Asia, we estimate the limiting magnitude of about 3 for meteors detected in our all-sky images. We then derive magnitudes of 83 meteors with clear pixel brightness outlines among the initially detected 172 meteors by comparing with neighbor standard stars. Angular velocities of meteors needed for computing their passing times over an all-sky image are expressed with a simple formula of an angle between a meteor head and the Leonid radiant point. The derived magnitudes of 83 meteors are in the range of -6 ˜ -1 magnitude, and its distribution shows a maximum near --3 mag. The derived magnitudes are much smaller than the limiting magnitude inferred from the comparison with the result of naked-eye observations. The difference may be due to the characteristic difference between nearly instantaneuous naked-eye observations and CCD observations with a long exposure. We redetermine magnitudes of the meteors by adjusting a meteor lasting time to be consistent with the naked-eye observations. The relative distribution of the redetermined magnitudes, which has a maximum at 0 mag., resembles that of the magnitudes determined with the in-principle method. The relative distribution is quite different from ones that decrease monotonically with decreasing magnitudes for meteors(1 ˜ 6) sensitive to naked-eye observations. We conclude from the magnitude distribution of our all-sky observation that meteors brighter than about 0 mag., appeared more frequently during the 2001 Leonid maximum hours. The frequent appearance of bright meteors has significantly important implication for meteor research. We noted, however, considerably large uncertainties in magnitudes determined only by comparing standard stars due to the unknown lasting time of meteors and the non-linear sensitivity of all-sky camera.http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kosss/OJOOBS/2003/v20n4/OJOOBS_2003_v20n4_283.pdf2001 LeonidsMeteor Magnitude Distributionall-sky-camera |
| spellingShingle | Jeong Han Kim Jong-Kyun Chung Yong Ha Kim Young-In Won Moo-Young Chun Hong-Suh Yim All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 2001 Leonids Meteor Magnitude Distribution all-sky-camera |
| title | All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution |
| title_full | All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution |
| title_fullStr | All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution |
| title_full_unstemmed | All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution |
| title_short | All-Sky Observation of the 2001 Leonid Meteor Storm: 1. Meteor Magnitude Distribution |
| title_sort | all sky observation of the 2001 leonid meteor storm 1 meteor magnitude distribution |
| topic | 2001 Leonids Meteor Magnitude Distribution all-sky-camera |
| url | http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kosss/OJOOBS/2003/v20n4/OJOOBS_2003_v20n4_283.pdf |
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