Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was perfo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/5/1245 |
| _version_ | 1797567986306908160 |
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| author | Xiao-Zhen Zhang Hao Liu Su-Ren Chen |
| author_facet | Xiao-Zhen Zhang Hao Liu Su-Ren Chen |
| author_sort | Xiao-Zhen Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term “lncRNA or long non-coding RNA” was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: mechanism, structure, regulation, and cancer. The eligibility of the retrieved studies was mainly based on the abstract. The decision as to whether or not the study was included in this review was made after a careful assessment of its content. The reference lists were also checked to identify any other study that could be relevant to this review. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, decoy and scaffold mechanisms, mRNA and protein stability regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation, miRNA processing regulation, and the architectural role of lncRNAs, which will help a broad audience better understand how lncRNAs work in cancer. Second, we introduced recent studies to elucidate the structure of lncRNAs, as there is a link between lncRNA structure and function and visualizing the architectural domains of lncRNAs is vital to understanding their function. Third, we explored emerging evidence for regulators of lncRNA expression, lncRNA turnover, and lncRNA modifications (including 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, and adenosine to inosine editing), highlighting the dynamics of lncRNAs. Finally, we used autophagy in cancer as an example to interpret the diverse mechanisms of lncRNAs and introduced clinical trials of lncRNA-based cancer therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c421522524ee4beca13a1a8967d17bf7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:48:56Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-c421522524ee4beca13a1a8967d17bf72023-11-20T00:33:07ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-05-01125124510.3390/cancers12051245Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic RegulationsXiao-Zhen Zhang0Hao Liu1Su-Ren Chen2Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaEducation Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaEducation Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation & Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term “lncRNA or long non-coding RNA” was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: mechanism, structure, regulation, and cancer. The eligibility of the retrieved studies was mainly based on the abstract. The decision as to whether or not the study was included in this review was made after a careful assessment of its content. The reference lists were also checked to identify any other study that could be relevant to this review. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, decoy and scaffold mechanisms, mRNA and protein stability regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation, miRNA processing regulation, and the architectural role of lncRNAs, which will help a broad audience better understand how lncRNAs work in cancer. Second, we introduced recent studies to elucidate the structure of lncRNAs, as there is a link between lncRNA structure and function and visualizing the architectural domains of lncRNAs is vital to understanding their function. Third, we explored emerging evidence for regulators of lncRNA expression, lncRNA turnover, and lncRNA modifications (including 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, and adenosine to inosine editing), highlighting the dynamics of lncRNAs. Finally, we used autophagy in cancer as an example to interpret the diverse mechanisms of lncRNAs and introduced clinical trials of lncRNA-based cancer therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/5/1245lncRNAcancermechanismturnoversecondary structuremodification |
| spellingShingle | Xiao-Zhen Zhang Hao Liu Su-Ren Chen Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations Cancers lncRNA cancer mechanism turnover secondary structure modification |
| title | Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations |
| title_full | Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations |
| title_short | Mechanisms of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancers and Their Dynamic Regulations |
| title_sort | mechanisms of long non coding rnas in cancers and their dynamic regulations |
| topic | lncRNA cancer mechanism turnover secondary structure modification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/5/1245 |
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