Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation
With the continuous expansion of the application field of 3D models and the convenience of model storage, transmission, and replication, the problems of illegal reproduction, illegal modification, and embezzlement faced by 3D models are gradually becoming severe, which has brought substantial econom...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Egyptian Informatics Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110866523000920 |
| _version_ | 1797248372567965696 |
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| author | An-Bo Li Hao Chen Xian-Li Xie |
| author_facet | An-Bo Li Hao Chen Xian-Li Xie |
| author_sort | An-Bo Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the continuous expansion of the application field of 3D models and the convenience of model storage, transmission, and replication, the problems of illegal reproduction, illegal modification, and embezzlement faced by 3D models are gradually becoming severe, which has brought substantial economic losses to the producers of 3D models. Therefore, this study aims to develop a visible watermarking method for 3D model using 3D Boolean operation. First, based on TrueType font library, the 3D model of the watermark is generated through the extraction, positioning and combination of character outline. Next, the spatial registration between the watermark model and the 3D model was carried out according to the embedding position of the watermark. Finally, based on multiple 3D Boolean operations, the copyright information of the 3D watermark model is embedded into the 3D model in various modes, such as embossing, debossing, and surface mesh embedding. The experiments demonstrate that the method of this paper supports embedding watermark information in B-rep, CSG, and voxel models. This method can readily support business applications for visible watermarking of 3D models and has laid a good foundation for researching multipurpose 3D model watermarking algorithms supporting copyright notification and protection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T23:13:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4367a6d9ad74c8aa95ca6a5bc4c2bff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1110-8665 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:13:33Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Egyptian Informatics Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4367a6d9ad74c8aa95ca6a5bc4c2bff2024-03-23T06:23:18ZengElsevierEgyptian Informatics Journal1110-86652024-03-0125100436Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operationAn-Bo Li0Hao Chen1Xian-Li Xie2Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, China; Corresponding author at: Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, China.Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, ChinaWith the continuous expansion of the application field of 3D models and the convenience of model storage, transmission, and replication, the problems of illegal reproduction, illegal modification, and embezzlement faced by 3D models are gradually becoming severe, which has brought substantial economic losses to the producers of 3D models. Therefore, this study aims to develop a visible watermarking method for 3D model using 3D Boolean operation. First, based on TrueType font library, the 3D model of the watermark is generated through the extraction, positioning and combination of character outline. Next, the spatial registration between the watermark model and the 3D model was carried out according to the embedding position of the watermark. Finally, based on multiple 3D Boolean operations, the copyright information of the 3D watermark model is embedded into the 3D model in various modes, such as embossing, debossing, and surface mesh embedding. The experiments demonstrate that the method of this paper supports embedding watermark information in B-rep, CSG, and voxel models. This method can readily support business applications for visible watermarking of 3D models and has laid a good foundation for researching multipurpose 3D model watermarking algorithms supporting copyright notification and protection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S11108665230009203D modelVisible watermarking3D Boolean operationTruetype fontRobustness analysis |
| spellingShingle | An-Bo Li Hao Chen Xian-Li Xie Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation Egyptian Informatics Journal 3D model Visible watermarking 3D Boolean operation Truetype font Robustness analysis |
| title | Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation |
| title_full | Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation |
| title_fullStr | Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation |
| title_short | Visible watermarking for 3D models based on 3D Boolean operation |
| title_sort | visible watermarking for 3d models based on 3d boolean operation |
| topic | 3D model Visible watermarking 3D Boolean operation Truetype font Robustness analysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110866523000920 |
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