Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020
Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions throughout the lifespan. Notable differences in the prevalence of depression among females and males arise during adolescence and may peak during young adulthood. Since iron deficiency is a treatable condition that may contribute to de...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Preventive Medicine Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335523004400 |
| _version_ | 1797377864586231808 |
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| author | Cherry Y. Leung Minjung Kyung |
| author_facet | Cherry Y. Leung Minjung Kyung |
| author_sort | Cherry Y. Leung |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Depression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions throughout the lifespan. Notable differences in the prevalence of depression among females and males arise during adolescence and may peak during young adulthood. Since iron deficiency is a treatable condition that may contribute to depression, this topic among youth (18 to 25 years of age) needs to be further explored. Thus, our study examines the associations between three measures of iron (ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation levels) with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depressive symptoms and depression among young adult males and females using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. Using multivariable Poisson and logistic regression models, adjusting for several demographic and clinical variables, we report 1) the prevalence of depression and 2) the associations between iron deficiency and depressive symptoms and depression among males and females. 917 participants were included in our study. More females (12.5 %) than males (6.8 %) had PHQ-9 depression. Males with ferritin (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 132.21), serum iron (AOR = 4.84, 95 % CI: 1.02, 22.92), and transferrin (AOR = 13.79, 95 % CI: 3.59, 53.06) deficiencies were at higher risk for depression, while females with ferritin deficiency (AOR = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.11, 0.97) had a lower risk for depression. Our study highlights the need to focus on depression screening among young adults as well as risk factors for depression among this age group. Identifying risk factors and screening for iron deficiency, especially among females, should be considered as well. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:59:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c43b176fcf6c49cdaba758edde78617d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-3355 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T19:59:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Preventive Medicine Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-c43b176fcf6c49cdaba758edde78617d2023-12-24T04:45:25ZengElsevierPreventive Medicine Reports2211-33552024-01-0137102549Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020Cherry Y. Leung0Minjung Kyung1Corresponding author.; Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USADepartment of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USADepression is one of the most prevalent mental health conditions throughout the lifespan. Notable differences in the prevalence of depression among females and males arise during adolescence and may peak during young adulthood. Since iron deficiency is a treatable condition that may contribute to depression, this topic among youth (18 to 25 years of age) needs to be further explored. Thus, our study examines the associations between three measures of iron (ferritin, serum iron, and transferrin saturation levels) with Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depressive symptoms and depression among young adult males and females using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020. Using multivariable Poisson and logistic regression models, adjusting for several demographic and clinical variables, we report 1) the prevalence of depression and 2) the associations between iron deficiency and depressive symptoms and depression among males and females. 917 participants were included in our study. More females (12.5 %) than males (6.8 %) had PHQ-9 depression. Males with ferritin (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.13, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.51, 132.21), serum iron (AOR = 4.84, 95 % CI: 1.02, 22.92), and transferrin (AOR = 13.79, 95 % CI: 3.59, 53.06) deficiencies were at higher risk for depression, while females with ferritin deficiency (AOR = 0.34, 95 % CI: 0.11, 0.97) had a lower risk for depression. Our study highlights the need to focus on depression screening among young adults as well as risk factors for depression among this age group. Identifying risk factors and screening for iron deficiency, especially among females, should be considered as well.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335523004400Iron deficiencyIron statusYoung adultsDepressionMental health |
| spellingShingle | Cherry Y. Leung Minjung Kyung Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020 Preventive Medicine Reports Iron deficiency Iron status Young adults Depression Mental health |
| title | Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020 |
| title_full | Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020 |
| title_fullStr | Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020 |
| title_short | Associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and Females: NHANES 2017 to 2020 |
| title_sort | associations of iron deficiency and depressive symptoms among young adult males and females nhanes 2017 to 2020 |
| topic | Iron deficiency Iron status Young adults Depression Mental health |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335523004400 |
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