Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Overflow metabolism is well known for yeast, bacteria and mammalian cells. It typically occurs under glucose excess conditions and is characterized by excretions of by-products such as ethanol, acetate or lactate. This phenomenon, also denoted the short-term Crab...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2012-09-01
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| Series: | Microbial Cell Factories |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/11/1/122 |
| _version_ | 1819034468120264704 |
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| author | Paczia Nicole Nilgen Anke Lehmann Tobias Gätgens Jochem Wiechert Wolfgang Noack Stephan |
| author_facet | Paczia Nicole Nilgen Anke Lehmann Tobias Gätgens Jochem Wiechert Wolfgang Noack Stephan |
| author_sort | Paczia Nicole |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Overflow metabolism is well known for yeast, bacteria and mammalian cells. It typically occurs under glucose excess conditions and is characterized by excretions of by-products such as ethanol, acetate or lactate. This phenomenon, also denoted the short-term Crabtree effect, has been extensively studied over the past few decades, however, its basic regulatory mechanism and functional role in metabolism is still unknown. Here we present a comprehensive quantitative and time-dependent analysis of the exometabolome of <it>Escherichia coli</it>, <it>Corynebacterium glutamicum</it>, <it>Bacillus licheniformis</it>, and <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</it> during well-controlled bioreactor cultivations. Most surprisingly, in all cases a great diversity of central metabolic intermediates and amino acids is found in the culture medium with extracellular concentrations varying in the micromolar range. Different hypotheses for these observations are formulated and experimentally tested. As a result, the intermediates in the culture medium during batch growth must originate from passive or active transportation due to a new phenomenon termed “extended” overflow metabolism. Moreover, we provide broad evidence that this could be a common feature of all microorganism species when cultivated under conditions of carbon excess and non-inhibited carbon uptake. In turn, this finding has consequences for metabolite balancing and, particularly, for intracellular metabolite quantification and <sup>13</sup>C-metabolic flux analysis.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:34:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c43c8d44b64949718450cfbc7677f7fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2859 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T07:34:12Z |
| publishDate | 2012-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbial Cell Factories |
| spelling | doaj.art-c43c8d44b64949718450cfbc7677f7fe2022-12-21T19:11:29ZengBMCMicrobial Cell Factories1475-28592012-09-0111112210.1186/1475-2859-11-122Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganismsPaczia NicoleNilgen AnkeLehmann TobiasGätgens JochemWiechert WolfgangNoack Stephan<p>Abstract</p> <p>Overflow metabolism is well known for yeast, bacteria and mammalian cells. It typically occurs under glucose excess conditions and is characterized by excretions of by-products such as ethanol, acetate or lactate. This phenomenon, also denoted the short-term Crabtree effect, has been extensively studied over the past few decades, however, its basic regulatory mechanism and functional role in metabolism is still unknown. Here we present a comprehensive quantitative and time-dependent analysis of the exometabolome of <it>Escherichia coli</it>, <it>Corynebacterium glutamicum</it>, <it>Bacillus licheniformis</it>, and <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</it> during well-controlled bioreactor cultivations. Most surprisingly, in all cases a great diversity of central metabolic intermediates and amino acids is found in the culture medium with extracellular concentrations varying in the micromolar range. Different hypotheses for these observations are formulated and experimentally tested. As a result, the intermediates in the culture medium during batch growth must originate from passive or active transportation due to a new phenomenon termed “extended” overflow metabolism. Moreover, we provide broad evidence that this could be a common feature of all microorganism species when cultivated under conditions of carbon excess and non-inhibited carbon uptake. In turn, this finding has consequences for metabolite balancing and, particularly, for intracellular metabolite quantification and <sup>13</sup>C-metabolic flux analysis.</p>http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/11/1/122Overflow metabolismCrabtree effectExometabolomeMass spectrometryIntracellular metabolite quantification |
| spellingShingle | Paczia Nicole Nilgen Anke Lehmann Tobias Gätgens Jochem Wiechert Wolfgang Noack Stephan Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms Microbial Cell Factories Overflow metabolism Crabtree effect Exometabolome Mass spectrometry Intracellular metabolite quantification |
| title | Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms |
| title_full | Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms |
| title_fullStr | Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms |
| title_short | Extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms |
| title_sort | extensive exometabolome analysis reveals extended overflow metabolism in various microorganisms |
| topic | Overflow metabolism Crabtree effect Exometabolome Mass spectrometry Intracellular metabolite quantification |
| url | http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/11/1/122 |
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