Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating
This study examined three different approaches to reduce the heating cost while maintaining indoor thermal comfort at acceptable levels in an educational office building, including decentralized (DDRC) and centralized demand response control (CDRR) and limiting peak demand. The results showed that a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Buildings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/2/332 |
| _version_ | 1797622018528509952 |
|---|---|
| author | Xiaolei Yuan Behrang Vand Kristian Martin Juha Jokisalo Yumin Liang Risto Kosonen Yiqun Pan |
| author_facet | Xiaolei Yuan Behrang Vand Kristian Martin Juha Jokisalo Yumin Liang Risto Kosonen Yiqun Pan |
| author_sort | Xiaolei Yuan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study examined three different approaches to reduce the heating cost while maintaining indoor thermal comfort at acceptable levels in an educational office building, including decentralized (DDRC) and centralized demand response control (CDRR) and limiting peak demand. The results showed that although all these approaches did not affect the indoor air temperature significantly, the DDRC method could adjust the heating set point to between 20–24.5 °C. The DDRC approach reached heating cost savings of up to 5% while controlling space heating temperature without sacrificing the thermal comfort. The CDRC of space heating had limited potential in heating cost savings (1.5%), while the indoor air temperature was in the acceptable range. Both the DDRC and CDRC alternatives can keep the thermal comfort at good levels during the occupied time. Depending on the district heating provider, applying peak demand limiting of 35% can not only achieve 13.6% maximum total annual district heating cost saving but also maintain the thermal comfort level, while applying that of 43% can further save 16.9% of the cost, but with sacrificing a little thermal comfort. This study shows that demand response on heating energy only benefited from the decentralized control alternative, and the district heating-based peak demand limiting has significant potential for saving heating costs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:04:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-c4441f0bbb9d48f592c941d0b0c8a467 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:04:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-c4441f0bbb9d48f592c941d0b0c8a4672023-11-16T19:31:06ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092023-01-0113233210.3390/buildings13020332Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District HeatingXiaolei Yuan0Behrang Vand1Kristian Martin2Juha Jokisalo3Yumin Liang4Risto Kosonen5Yiqun Pan6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, FinlandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, FinlandGranlund Ltd., 00701 Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, FinlandSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, FinlandSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, ChinaThis study examined three different approaches to reduce the heating cost while maintaining indoor thermal comfort at acceptable levels in an educational office building, including decentralized (DDRC) and centralized demand response control (CDRR) and limiting peak demand. The results showed that although all these approaches did not affect the indoor air temperature significantly, the DDRC method could adjust the heating set point to between 20–24.5 °C. The DDRC approach reached heating cost savings of up to 5% while controlling space heating temperature without sacrificing the thermal comfort. The CDRC of space heating had limited potential in heating cost savings (1.5%), while the indoor air temperature was in the acceptable range. Both the DDRC and CDRC alternatives can keep the thermal comfort at good levels during the occupied time. Depending on the district heating provider, applying peak demand limiting of 35% can not only achieve 13.6% maximum total annual district heating cost saving but also maintain the thermal comfort level, while applying that of 43% can further save 16.9% of the cost, but with sacrificing a little thermal comfort. This study shows that demand response on heating energy only benefited from the decentralized control alternative, and the district heating-based peak demand limiting has significant potential for saving heating costs.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/2/332demand responsepeak demand limitingdistrict heatingcost-effective heating controleducational office building |
| spellingShingle | Xiaolei Yuan Behrang Vand Kristian Martin Juha Jokisalo Yumin Liang Risto Kosonen Yiqun Pan Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating Buildings demand response peak demand limiting district heating cost-effective heating control educational office building |
| title | Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating |
| title_full | Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating |
| title_fullStr | Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating |
| title_short | Cost-Effective Heating Control Approaches by Demand Response and Peak Demand Limiting in an Educational Office Building with District Heating |
| title_sort | cost effective heating control approaches by demand response and peak demand limiting in an educational office building with district heating |
| topic | demand response peak demand limiting district heating cost-effective heating control educational office building |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/13/2/332 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xiaoleiyuan costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating AT behrangvand costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating AT kristianmartin costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating AT juhajokisalo costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating AT yuminliang costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating AT ristokosonen costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating AT yiqunpan costeffectiveheatingcontrolapproachesbydemandresponseandpeakdemandlimitinginaneducationalofficebuildingwithdistrictheating |